(n.) A process of asexual reproduction, in which a new organism or cell is formed by a protrusion of a portion of the animal or vegetable organism, the bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached to the parent stalk or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation. See Hydroidea.
(n.) The act or process of ingrafting one kind of plant upon another stock by inserting a bud under the bark.
Example Sentences:
(1) Serially sectioned rabbit foliate taste buds were examined with high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) and computer-assisted, three-dimensional reconstruction.
(2) Small pieces of anterior and posterior quail wing-bud mesoderm (HH stages 21-23) were placed in in vitro culture for up to 3 days.
(3) They are capable of synthesis and accumulation of glycogen and responsible for its transfer to sites of more intense metabolism (growth, bud, blastema).
(4) Pupils who disrupt the learning of their classmates are dealt with firmly and, in many cases, a short suspension is an effective way of nipping bad behaviour in the bud."
(5) Tissue sections, taken from foliate and circumvallate papillae, generally revealed taste buds in which all cells were immunoreactive; however, occasionally some taste buds were found to contain highly reactive individual cells adjacent to non-reactive cells.
(6) They were formed by budding off from the cytoplasmic projections of the osteoblastic tumor cells.
(7) These antibodies were used to study the localization and synthesis of myosin heavy chain and tropomyosin in the limb buds of premetamorphic (stage VI-VII) tadpoles treated with triiodothyronine (T3) to induce metamorphosis.
(8) In contrast, sporoblasts and budding and free sporozoites in mature oocysts were labeled uniformly on the outer surfaces of their plasma membranes, indicating a uniform distribution of CS protein on these membranes.
(9) Other experiments further implicated actin in the budding process during virus maturation, as there appeared to be a specific association of actin in vitro only with nucleocapsids that have terminated RNA synthesis, which is presumably a prerequisite to budding.
(10) By the time the bud was half the diameter of the mother cell, it almost always bore a vacuole.
(11) The ICC assay demonstrated the production of infectious HIV-1 particles and budding of mature virions was observed by electron microscopy.
(12) We report now that the hormonal metabolite of vitamin D3, namely 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, stimulates chondrogenesis in cultures of stage 24 chick embryo limb bud mesenchymal cells, as evidenced by morphologic changes as well as by increased transcription of collagen type II and core protein genes.
(13) Lysis ability was acquired by growth in (or transfer to) an osmotically stabilized environment, but only under conditions which permitted budding.
(14) Intralobar pulmonary sequestration has generally been considered a congenital malformation in which an accessory lung bud develops, is enveloped by normal lung, and retains its systemic arterial supply.
(15) Consequently mother cells can switch their mating type whereas bud cells cannot.
(16) At the former site the membrane overlying the bud showed an electron opaque thickening which imparted to the mature particle an asymmetrical appearance.
(17) Recently, cDNA clones encoding several bovine CKI isoforms have been sequenced that show high sequence identity to the HRR25 gene product of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; HRR25 is required for normal cellular growth, nuclear segregation, DNA repair, and meiosis.
(18) Budding "yeast-like organisms" that were consistent with Cryptococcus neoformans appeared in tissue specimens.
(19) This decrease in virus release appeared to be due to interference with the virus budding process due to antibody-mediated modulation of virus-induced cell surface antigens.
(20) Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) was tested for its ability to stimulate a chemotactic response in Stage 24 embryonic chick limb bud mesenchymal cells and muscle-derived fibroblasts.
Sporulation
Definition:
(n.) The act or process of forming spores; spore formation. See Illust. of Bacillus, b.
Example Sentences:
(1) During the 1st h after induction of the sporulation process, the rate of protein synthesis increased to two times the initial value.
(2) We report the isolation of an RNA polymerase from sporulating cells of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
(3) ); and 3) those that multiply and produce large numbers of vegetative cells in the food, then release an active enterotoxin when they sporulate in the gut.
(4) One of these has high sporulation-inducing activity after illumination in vitro.
(5) The use of phase-contrast and interference-contrast optics permitted the characterization of the distinctive morphological changes occurring during sporulation of C. thermosaccharolyticum.
(6) The nature and properties of the 20S ribonucleic acid which accumulates only during the sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined.
(7) Tetrad dissection of sporulated diploids heterozygous for the wild-type and mutant allele resulted in a 2:2 segregation of mutant and wild-type phenotype indicating a single gene mutation.
(8) Bacillus megaterium, in which sporulation was blocked either by mutation or with netropsin, synthesizes during the stationary phase more exocellular proteinase than the sporulating culture.
(9) It is suggested that several metabolic steps may be affected in catabolite repression of sporulation.
(10) Heat resistance increased about tenfold in the range of 30-44 degrees C. Sporulation at 52 degrees C did not show any further increase in heat resistance.
(11) The mycelium of Trichoderma viride grown in the dark under submerged conditions and transferred to membrane filters sporulated only after photoinduction.
(12) Certain sporulation-specific polypeptides including the coat protein were among the most actively produced polypeptides in sporulating cells.
(13) Decoyinine, an inhibitor of GMP synthetase, was used to induce sporulation under catabolite-repressed conditions in Bacillus subtilis.
(14) Carbohydrate metabolism, under sporulation conditions, was compared in sporulating and non-sporulating diploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
(15) Our results demonstrate that the partial reduction of a guanine nucleotide, probably relative to some other compound, suffices to initiate sporulation.
(16) The effect of gramicidin S added to the cultivation medium on sporulation of the gramicidin S-producing P+ variant and gramicidin S-nonproducing P- variant of Bacillus brevis var.
(17) In the non-sporulating strains, the degradation of vegetative RNA was less than 28% in the sporulation medium.
(18) Homozygotes of hrr25-1 were unable to sporulate and disruption and deletion of HRR25 interfered with mitotic and meiotic cell division.
(19) Melanin synthesis in the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum occurs during sporulation but not during spherule formation.
(20) Sporulation occurs during the late logarithmic phase of a culture, a time of slow but unbalanced growth.