(n.) That which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive.
(n.) The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry; as, a ship of a hundred tons burden.
(n.) The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin.
(n.) The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace.
(n.) A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as, a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds.
(n.) A birth.
(v. t.) To encumber with weight (literal or figurative); to lay a heavy load upon; to load.
(v. t.) To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to overload; as, to burden a nation with taxes.
(v. t.) To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable).
(n.) The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each stanza; the chorus; refrain. Hence: That which is often repeated or which is dwelt upon; the main topic; as, the burden of a prayer.
(n.) The drone of a bagpipe.
(n.) A club.
Example Sentences:
(1) Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont, who is also seeking the Democratic presidential nomination, recently proposed a bill that would ease the financial burden of prescription drugs on elderly Americans by allowing Medicare, the national social health insurance program, to negotiate with the pharmaceutical companies to keep prices down.
(2) Finally, before the advent of the third-party payment, operations were avoided because of the financial burden.
(3) However, civil society groups have raised concerns about the ethics of providing ‘climate loans’ which increase the country’s debt burden.
(4) The parasites were highly aggregated within the study community, with most people harbouring low burdens while a few individuals harboured very heavy burdens.
(5) Economic burdens for postmarketing research should be shared jointly by the research-oriented and generic drug companies.
(6) There is general agreement that suicides are likely to be undercounted, both for structural reasons (the burden-of-proof issue, the requirement that the coroner or medical examiner suspect the possibility of suicide) and for sociocultural reasons.
(7) The art Kennard produced formed the basis of his career, as he recounted later: “I studied as a painter, but after the events of 1968 I began to look for a form of expression that could bring art and politics together to a wider audience … I found that photography wasn’t as burdened with similar art historical associations.” The result was his STOP montage series.
(8) The analysis indicated a high cost burden for families in all disease categories studied, although a lack of uniformity in data presentation and in the variables studied prevented specific generalizations to be made about the numbers or characteristics of families with high costs.
(9) "Public servants did nothing to cause the slump but are being asked to bear an unfair share of the burden.
(10) The irony of this type of self-manipulation is that ultimately the child, or adult, finds himself again burdened by impotence, though it is the impotence of guilt rather than that of shame.
(11) The aim of the study was to find whether treatment would result in an improvement of cognition, of functioning in daily life, decrease of behavioural disturbances, and decrease in burden experienced by the carers.
(12) Lymph proliferative disorders with a high mitotic rate, and large tumor burden, regardless of histologic features, should be treated prophylactically against tumor lysis if regrowth between cycles occurs.
(13) These data indicate that, compared with animals at sea level, animals at altitude have an increased body burden of COHb and will attain the COHb level associated with the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for CO more quickly when breathing CO.
(14) Macro-epidemiology is concerned with the absolute and relative contributions of particular causes or diseases to the overall burden of ill-health in a population.
(15) Communicable diseases represent a considerable burden in terms of suffering and costs.
(16) This is indirect evidence suggesting that mercury from dental amalgam fillings may contribute to the body burden of mercury in the brain.
(17) The gender-specific kinship relationship of patients and their care providers has not generally been investigated in studies of caregiver burden and well-being.
(18) In predicting response to therapy, poor prognostic factors included large tumor burdens, advanced disease stage, and chemotherapy-resistant tumors.
(19) Radical postoperative irradiation (A) is burdened by 3 serious complications and a considerably higher amount of complaints.
(20) MMC and 5-FU did not show significant activity against large tumor burden, while a relatively good activity was detected in patients with minimal disease.
Exonerative
Definition:
(a.) Freeing from a burden or obligation; tending to exonerate.
Example Sentences:
(1) We have determined the genomic structure of the fosB gene and shown that it consists of 4 exons and 3 introns at positions also found in the c-fos gene.
(2) Therefore, we conclude this is a bovine DR beta-like pseudogene, BoDR beta I. Exon-containing regions have been used as probes in Southern blot analyses of bovine genomic DNA digested with EcoRI.
(3) Exons and flanking introns (greater than 14 kb) were sequenced to determine the structural organization of the gene.
(4) The gene is 20 kilobases (kb) long and has 11 exons, the first and second exons being separated by an intron of 10 kb.
(5) All four human MBP variants were identical except for the insertion of deletion of two peptide fragments corresponding to those encoded by exons 2 and 5 of the MBP gene.
(6) The RB transcript is encoded in 27 exons dispersed over about 200 kilobases (kb) of genomic DNA.
(7) Using a DNA insert encoding exons 2-5, the renin gene was mapped to human chromosome bands 1q25----q32 by in situ hybridization.
(8) Twenty-nine deletion breakpoints were mapped in 220 kb of the DXS164 locus relative to potential exons of the Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy gene.
(9) In this type IIB lck transcript, 10 residues encoded by exon 1 from the new AUG codon replace the first 35 residues encoded by exon 1'.
(10) The nucleotide sequence and organization of the human theta 1 gene (exons, introns, promoter, and polyadenylation signals) are similar to those reported for the orangutan theta 1-globin gene.
(11) A comparison between the primary structures of the rat and human genes reveals that the heterogeneity of the C-terminal peptides can be explained in large part by a frameshift mutation and the utilization of an alternative splice donor site in the third exon of the rat gene.
(12) These fragments contain the coding exons for the EBV-determined nuclear antigens EBNA2 and EBNA1, and the membrane antigen LMP, respectively.
(13) This change led to an exon-skipping event resulting in a frame shift and generation of a stop codon.
(14) Amino- and carboxy-terminal information are contained in exons 2 and 7, respectively.
(15) The protein variation potentially includes N-terminal differences coded for by transcript-specific 5' exons and internal differences arising from the optional inclusion of a 39 base-pair exon and from the alternative use of two 3' splice sites separated by six base-pairs.
(16) Moreover, the homozygous mutation appears to cause skipping of exon 6 in the mutant E1 alpha transcript.
(17) DNA sequencing analysis indicated that it was 426 base pairs in size and located in close proximity to a putative c-fms exon.
(18) We infer that a 5' cap is present on both of these RNAs and conclude that the mini-exon-derived RNA donates its 5' cap along with the mini-exon sequence to the pre-mRNA.
(19) Polyadenylated S14 transcripts purified from HeLa cell cytoplasma display heterogeneous 5' ends that map within noncoding RPS14 exon 1.
(20) cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription of peripheral blood mRNA and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers corresponding to sequences 400 bp apart on the cDNA, spanning the last three exons (X, Y, Z) of the beta-Sp gene.