(1) Currents through calcium-activated non-specific cation (CAN) channels were studied in the fast burster neurone of Helix aspersa and Helix pomatia.
(2) Composite excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) resulting from electrotonic and chemical synaptic junctions were recorded from eighteen interneurones following stimulation of the I2 burster axon in the isolated lamprey spinal cord.
(3) At higher (greater than 10 Hz) PS firing frequencies, rhythmic activity in all the pyloric neurons, including the pacemakers (PD, anterior burster), is abolished, except in cells (ventricular dilator, inferior cardiac) controlling the pyloric valve.
(4) Increasing gNa and decreasing gCl, where gi is the maximal conductance for species i, produces bursts of action potentials (Burster N).
(5) A delayed current decrease associated with prolonged depolarization was studied in R(15) (the parabolic burster) of Aplysia by using intracellular recording and voltage clamp techniques.2.
(6) Cells synaptically driven but not antidromically activated by neural stalk stimulation, which thus probably receive an afferent input from supraoptic neurones, were classified as 'regular' or 'bursters' on the basis of their spontaneous electrical activity.
(7) This current was studied using cell-attached and inside-out patches from the right parietal fast burster neuron of Helix pomatia.
(8) The majority (twelve out of eighteen) of synaptically excited cells (o.d.+) were bursters and the majority of inhibited (o.d.-) cells (eleven out of nineteen) were regular, but only one o.d.+ burster showed any change of activity (inhibition) before milk ejection.
(9) They show different steady-state I-V curves under simulated voltage-clamp conditions; in simulations that mimic a steady-state I-V curve taken under experimental conditions only Burster N shows a negative slope resistance region.
(10) Our results indicate that CAN currents in Helix burster neurones are modulated by cyclic AMP-dependent membrane phosphorylation.
(11) Our results suggest that in the cat, for saccades of amplitude smaller than 20 deg, there is a variable degree of suppression which is provided by a projection of excitatory bursters (EBNs) on second-order vestibular neurones through inhibitory type II neurones.
(12) with three basic patterns of spontaneous activity: ;silent' cells (s., four cells, 3%); ;low-frequency burster' cells (l.f.b., twenty-six cells, 21%); and ;continuously active' cells (c.a., seventy-nine cells, 63%).6.
(13) Voltage clamp studies reveal that halothane will eliminate the slow inward current that underlies oscillatory activity in burster neurons, while high pressure shifts the negative resistance region of the current without causing its elimination.
(14) Of the thirty-two repetitive bursters, twenty-four received no apparent patterned synaptic input and the phasic burst behaviour was voltage dependent.
(15) IA was largest in pyloric dilator (PD) and PY cells, smaller in the anterior burster (AB), LP, and inferior cardiac (IC) cells, and undetectable in the VD cell.
(16) Based on the hypothesis that bursting activity of RPa1 neuron results from the activation of presynaptic unidentified peptidergic interneuron(s) with persistent activity and on data presented it is suggested that inhibition of bursting activity evoked by application of dopamine or anal nerve stimulation is a consequence of decreased efficiency of synaptic transmission between the interneuron initiating bursting activity and the burster.
(17) It consists of two (protractor and retractor) groups of neurons with mutual inhibitory connections, neurons of each group being endogenous bursters.
(18) These neurones, like burster-driving neurones described in paralysed cats, were characterized by a tonic increase of firing for head turning in the contraversive direction (type II) associated to bursts for each vestibular quick phase in the same direction.
(19) Burster neurons seem to play a special role in this mechanism.
(20) We prove that an asymmetry between the uncoupled bursters can accelerate the system with respect to the free cells, this effect depending on the characteristics of the coupling.
Charge
Definition:
(v. t.) To lay on or impose, as a load, tax, or burden; to load; to fill.
(v. t.) To lay on or impose, as a task, duty, or trust; to command, instruct, or exhort with authority; to enjoin; to urge earnestly; as, to charge a jury; to charge the clergy of a diocese; to charge an agent.
(v. t.) To lay on, impose, or make subject to or liable for.
(v. t.) To fix or demand as a price; as, he charges two dollars a barrel for apples.
(v. t.) To place something to the account of as a debt; to debit, as, to charge one with goods. Also, to enter upon the debit side of an account; as, to charge a sum to one.
(v. t.) To impute or ascribe; to lay to one's charge.
(v. t.) To accuse; to make a charge or assertion against (a person or thing); to lay the responsibility (for something said or done) at the door of.
(v. t.) To place within or upon any firearm, piece of apparatus or machinery, the quantity it is intended and fitted to hold or bear; to load; to fill; as, to charge a gun; to charge an electrical machine, etc.
(v. t.) To ornament with or cause to bear; as, to charge an architectural member with a molding.
(v. t.) To assume as a bearing; as, he charges three roses or; to add to or represent on; as, he charges his shield with three roses or.
(v. t.) To call to account; to challenge.
(v. t.) To bear down upon; to rush upon; to attack.
(v. i.) To make an onset or rush; as, to charge with fixed bayonets.
(v. i.) To demand a price; as, to charge high for goods.
(v. i.) To debit on an account; as, to charge for purchases.
(v. i.) To squat on its belly and be still; -- a command given by a sportsman to a dog.
(v. t.) A load or burder laid upon a person or thing.
(v. t.) A person or thing commited or intrusted to the care, custody, or management of another; a trust.
(v. t.) Custody or care of any person, thing, or place; office; responsibility; oversight; obigation; duty.
(v. t.) Heed; care; anxiety; trouble.
(v. t.) Harm.
(v. t.) An order; a mandate or command; an injunction.
(v. t.) An address (esp. an earnest or impressive address) containing instruction or exhortation; as, the charge of a judge to a jury; the charge of a bishop to his clergy.
(v. t.) An accusation of a wrong of offense; allegation; indictment; specification of something alleged.
(v. t.) Whatever constitutes a burden on property, as rents, taxes, lines, etc.; costs; expense incurred; -- usually in the plural.
(v. t.) The price demanded for a thing or service.
(v. t.) An entry or a account of that which is due from one party to another; that which is debited in a business transaction; as, a charge in an account book.
(v. t.) That quantity, as of ammunition, electricity, ore, fuel, etc., which any apparatus, as a gun, battery, furnace, machine, etc., is intended to receive and fitted to hold, or which is actually in it at one time
(v. t.) The act of rushing upon, or towards, an enemy; a sudden onset or attack, as of troops, esp. cavalry; hence, the signal for attack; as, to sound the charge.
(v. t.) A position (of a weapon) fitted for attack; as, to bring a weapon to the charge.
(v. t.) A soft of plaster or ointment.
(v. t.) A bearing. See Bearing, n., 8.
(n.) Thirty-six pigs of lead, each pig weighing about seventy pounds; -- called also charre.
(n.) Weight; import; value.
Example Sentences:
(1) The Wales international and Port Vale defender Clayton McDonald both admitted having sex with the victim, – McDonald was found not guilty of the same charge.
(2) Yet the Tory promise of fiscal rectitude prevailed in England Alexander had been in charge of Labour’s election strategy, but he could not strategise a victory over a 20-year-old Scottish nationalist who has not yet taken her finals.
(3) The previous year, he claimed £1,415 for two new sofas, made two separate claims of £230 and £108 for new bed linen, charged £86 for a new kettle and kitchen utensils and made two separate claims, of £65 and £186, for replacement glasses and crockery.
(4) They had allegedly agreed that Younous would not be charged with any crime upon his arrival there and that he would not be detained in Morocco for longer than 72 hours.
(5) I’m not in charge of it but he’s stood up and presented that, and when Jenny, you know, criticised it, or raised some issues about grandparent carers – 3,700 of them he calculated – he said “Let’s sit down”.
(6) But the wounding charge in 2010 has become Brown's creation of a structural hole in the budget, more serious than the cyclical hit which the recession made in tax receipts, at least 4% of GDP.
(7) Only those derivatives with a free amino group and net positive charge in the side chain were effective.
(8) Charge data from the target hospital showed a statistically significant reduction in laboratory charges per patient in the quarter following program initiation (P = 0.02) and no evidence for change in a group of five comparison hospitals.
(9) At a fixed concentration of nucleotide the effectiveness of elution was proportional to the charge on the eluting molecule.
(10) [125I]AaIT was shown to cross the midgut of Sarcophaga through a morphologically distinct segment of the midgut previously shown to be permeable to a cytotoxic, positively charged polypeptide of similar molecular weight.
(11) For retrospective action to be taken, and an FA charge to follow, the decision of the panel must be unanimous.” The match between the sides ended in acrimony and two City red cards.
(12) As a Native American I am pretty sensitive to charges of racism and white supremacy,” the Oklahoma congressman added.
(13) Under a revised deal most people are now being vetted on time, but charges for the service have had to rise from £12 and free vetting for volunteers, to £28 for a standard disclosure and £33 for an advanced disclosure.
(14) Four Dutch activists were charged in Murmansk this week under the law.
(15) Both polycations investigated reduced the negative surface charge of assay cells and enhanced in vitro infectivity of murine C-type viruses, but had no influence on leukemia-virus-induced XC cell syncytia formation.
(16) The charges against Harrison were filed just after two white men were accused of fatally shooting three black people in Tulsa in what prosecutors said were racially motivated attacks.
(17) The antibody-hapten profiles revealed that the DNCB-fed animalss contained predominatly IgG2 in their serum by the time of their initial bleedings, whereas sensitized animals still contained a considerable proportion of more acidic antibodies having marked charge heterogeneity.
(18) With the flat-fee system, drug charges are not recorded when the drug is dispensed by the pharmacy; data for charging doses are obtained directly from the MAR forms generated by the nursing staff.
(19) As calls grew to establish why nobody stepped in to save Daniel, it was also revealed that the boy's headteacher – who saw him scavenging for scraps – has not been disciplined and has been put in charge of a bigger school.
(20) The phenomenon can be ascribed to the decrease in charge density due to the incorporation of dodecyl alcohol into SDS micelles.