What's the difference between butyl and dibutyl?

Butyl


Definition:

  • (n.) A compound radical, regarded as butane, less one atom of hydrogen.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The favourable properties of one of these agents - n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate are presented by authors.
  • (2) tert-Butyl hydroaminoxyl is detected as a degradation product of the hydroxyl adduct from all spin traps.
  • (3) A red pigment produced by the actinomycete strain B 4358 was identified as butyl-meta-cycloheptylprodiginine (4) by 1H, 13C and correlation via long range coupling NMR spectra.
  • (4) These effects of t-butyl hydroperoxide on [9,10-3H]oleic acid incorporation are not affected by dissipating transmembrane gradients for calcium and potassium.
  • (5) Alphaxalone and endogenous steroid hormone metabolites inhibit the binding of [35S]-t-butyl bicyclophosphorothionate in some regions, enhance it in others and give biphasic concentration-dependence in others, apparently the result of algebraic summation of two effects involving regional-dependent enhancement or inhibition.
  • (6) The effect of subchronic feeding of 2,2'-oxamidobis[ethyl 3(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], Naugard XL-1 (CAS number 70331-94-1), was studied in beagle dogs.
  • (7) Quantitative studies show that the amount of compound solubilized is proportional to the LPC concentration and that solubilization increases in the order ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl ester.
  • (8) Treatment animals had the anastomoses and graft sealed with a suspension of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and 1.2 g tobramycin powder (antibiotic glue, ANGL) after contamination.
  • (9) The most considerable realization of the hydrophobic interaction with the surroundings of the enzyme esteratic site was marked for n-butyl derivative (compound I).
  • (10) In addition, the effects of glutathione depletion by various biochemical means and of exogenous glutathione supplementation on the response of tubule segments to tert-butyl hydroperoxide exposure are described.
  • (11) A marked decrease in the coefficient of oleandomycin distribution in the system of the fermentation broth filtrate-butyl acetate was observed during the transfer from the 1st to the following extraction stages.
  • (12) Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping methodology has been used to study the reactions of manganese dusts with glutathione, employing alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as spin traps.
  • (13) SKF 38393 (1 microM)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was strongly reduced (by almost 60%) by the highly selective mu-agonist [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAGO; EC50 = 0.006 microM) and high concentrations of the selective delta-agonist [D-Ser2(O-tert-butyl), Leu5]-enkephalyl-Thr6 (DSTBU-LET; EC50 = 0.13 microM) but not by the selective delta-agonist [D-penicillamine2, D-penicillamine5]enkephalin (DPDPE).
  • (14) N-ethyl, N-n-propyl, N-n-butyl, N,N-di-n-propyl and N-n-propyl-N-n-butyl derivatives of 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ADTN) were screened for dopamine vascular agonist activity.
  • (15) Synthesis of 3-O-phytanyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphoryl-1'-sn-glycerol (monophytanyl ether analogue of lysophosphatidyl glycerol) was carried out by conversion of the above phosphotriester to the monosilver salt of the suitably blocked lysophosphatidic acid which was condensed with 1-iodo-2-O-t-butyl-3-O-benzyl-sn-glycerol.
  • (16) Photohemolysis was decreased by reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced even more by butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA); sodium azide, superoxide dismutase and mannitol did not show a significant effect.
  • (17) Simple and rapid determination method for butylated hydroxyanisole [2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole)] (BHA) (CAS no.
  • (18) Thereafter, they were divided into 6 groups and were maintained on diet containing either 2% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 1% BHA, 1% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 1% ethoxyquin (EQ) or 1% DL-alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TP) for 32 weeks.
  • (19) Mutagenicity of Salmonella TA98 and covalent binding to DNA of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB) were used to assess the influence of di-tert.-butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the in vitro activation of the arylamine by rat hepatic S9 metabolic systems.
  • (20) A 50% decrease was found in the ability of carcinogen-altered bronchi to act as a substrate for lipid peroxidation mediated by Adriamycin and an approximately 30% decrease for lipid peroxidation induced by t-butyl-hydroperoxide.

Dibutyl


Definition:

  • (n.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C8H18, of the marsh-gas series, being one of several octanes, and consisting of two butyl radicals. Cf. Octane.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) In air of the chamber, dibutyl phthalate and p-cumylphenol were determined quantitatively by gas chromatography.
  • (2) The binding of second messenger systems ([3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ([3H]IP3)to inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate, [3H]forskolin to adenylate cyclase and [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutylate to protein kinase C) and neurotransmitter receptor systems ([3H]PN200-110 to L-type calcium channels.
  • (3) In this study, we have compared DEP to four other commonly used plasticizers, 2-diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 2-diethylhezyl adipate (DEHA), and acetyltributyl citrate (ATBC), for their ability to induce the cytochrome P450-mediated fatty acid omega-hydroxylation system, which is one of the initial cellular responses when animals are treated with peroxisome proliferators.
  • (4) In methotrexate-sensitive cells, the dimethyl and dibutyl esters of methotrexate were 18.3- and 2.7-fold less active, respectively, than the free methotrexate in inhibiting cell growth.
  • (5) The metabolic and morphological integrity of hepatocytes centrifuged through dibutyl phthalate was altered after cell suspensions were treated with the ADR-BCNU or EMS.
  • (6) Radiolabelled clobetasol 17-propionate formulated in two different vehicles, consisting primarily of dibutyl adipate or of propylene glycol, was applied and the penetration characteristics compared.
  • (7) Dibutyl phenyl phosphate (DBPP) was administered to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats in their diets in separate subchronic (91-day) and two-generation reproduction studies.
  • (8) Polystyrene embedments of histological specimens can be obtained with a solution of 1:14 polystyrene-toluene, 5% benzyl alcohol and 1% dibutyl phthalate, allowing the solvent to evaporate in polyethylene containers for 2-3 days at 58 C. The resulting blocks are easily cut into truncated pyramids, each containing a piece of tissue, which are then glued to a Plexiglas support.
  • (9) Dietary administration of large amount of diethylhexyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate produced renal cysts in mothers and in descendants in reproduction studies in mice.
  • (10) The respective concentrations depressing the respiratory rate by 50% (tRD50) were 549, 691, 101, 96 and 78 ppm for diethyl-, triethyl-, dibutyl-, tributyl- and cyclohexylamine.
  • (11) Studies with components of condoms indicated that raw latex and zinc dimethyl- and dibutyl-dithiocarbamate accelerators immobilized sperm within 30 min.
  • (12) The dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, dioctyl, monoethyl esters were synthesized by reaction of the appropriate alcohol with the dianhydride of pentetic acid.
  • (13) The addition of dibutyl cAMP (Bt2 cAMP) or the cAMP-elevating agent forskolin to B cells stimulated by crosslinking surface immunoglobulins (sIg) resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of proliferative responses.
  • (14) Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene and carbazole in binary dibutyl ether plus n-hexadecane and dibutyl ether plus squalane solvent mixtures at 25 degrees C. Results of these measurements, used in conjunction with the extended nearly ideal binary solvent (NIBS) model, enabled calculation of the carbazole-dibutyl ether association constant.
  • (15) Chemicals with a well-known capacity to induce contact dermatitis in man like 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene, alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone, p-phenylenediamine, 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone, 2-mercapto-benzothiazol and 1,3-dibutyl-2-thiourea caused marked PLN reactions, while the non-sensitizer 2,4-dichloro-1-nitrobenzene failed to do so.
  • (16) 4''-O-Acyl-, 4''-O-alkyl- and 4''-deoxy-tylosin derivatives were synthesized using 2'-O-acetyl-3'',4''-O-(dibutyl-stannio)tylosin as a synthetic intermediate.
  • (17) Desorption measurements were extended satisfactorily to a model system made from poly(ethyl methacrylate) powder, methyl methacrylate, and dibutyl phthalate, which was polymerized with a conventional redox initiator.
  • (18) The properties of a novel nonpeptidic angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonist, 2,5-dibutyl-2,4-dihydro-4-([2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(1,1'-biphenyl) -4'-yl]methyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (SC-51316), are described.
  • (19) All of the derivatives studied penetrated the intact blood-brain-barrier, with the 99mTc-dibutyl-PnAO complex exhibiting the lowest initial brain uptake while the 99mTc-diethyl-PnAO and the 99mTc-dipropyl-PnAO complexes possessing nearly identical initial brain uptake as compared to 99mTcPnAO.
  • (20) In 2 subjects there were positive skin reactions to squaric acid dibutyl-ester, a substance with powerful allergenic action and consequently rarely used on the market.

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