What's the difference between butyl and hydrocarbon?

Butyl


Definition:

  • (n.) A compound radical, regarded as butane, less one atom of hydrogen.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The favourable properties of one of these agents - n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate are presented by authors.
  • (2) tert-Butyl hydroaminoxyl is detected as a degradation product of the hydroxyl adduct from all spin traps.
  • (3) A red pigment produced by the actinomycete strain B 4358 was identified as butyl-meta-cycloheptylprodiginine (4) by 1H, 13C and correlation via long range coupling NMR spectra.
  • (4) These effects of t-butyl hydroperoxide on [9,10-3H]oleic acid incorporation are not affected by dissipating transmembrane gradients for calcium and potassium.
  • (5) Alphaxalone and endogenous steroid hormone metabolites inhibit the binding of [35S]-t-butyl bicyclophosphorothionate in some regions, enhance it in others and give biphasic concentration-dependence in others, apparently the result of algebraic summation of two effects involving regional-dependent enhancement or inhibition.
  • (6) The effect of subchronic feeding of 2,2'-oxamidobis[ethyl 3(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], Naugard XL-1 (CAS number 70331-94-1), was studied in beagle dogs.
  • (7) Quantitative studies show that the amount of compound solubilized is proportional to the LPC concentration and that solubilization increases in the order ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl ester.
  • (8) Treatment animals had the anastomoses and graft sealed with a suspension of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and 1.2 g tobramycin powder (antibiotic glue, ANGL) after contamination.
  • (9) The most considerable realization of the hydrophobic interaction with the surroundings of the enzyme esteratic site was marked for n-butyl derivative (compound I).
  • (10) In addition, the effects of glutathione depletion by various biochemical means and of exogenous glutathione supplementation on the response of tubule segments to tert-butyl hydroperoxide exposure are described.
  • (11) A marked decrease in the coefficient of oleandomycin distribution in the system of the fermentation broth filtrate-butyl acetate was observed during the transfer from the 1st to the following extraction stages.
  • (12) Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping methodology has been used to study the reactions of manganese dusts with glutathione, employing alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as spin traps.
  • (13) SKF 38393 (1 microM)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was strongly reduced (by almost 60%) by the highly selective mu-agonist [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAGO; EC50 = 0.006 microM) and high concentrations of the selective delta-agonist [D-Ser2(O-tert-butyl), Leu5]-enkephalyl-Thr6 (DSTBU-LET; EC50 = 0.13 microM) but not by the selective delta-agonist [D-penicillamine2, D-penicillamine5]enkephalin (DPDPE).
  • (14) N-ethyl, N-n-propyl, N-n-butyl, N,N-di-n-propyl and N-n-propyl-N-n-butyl derivatives of 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ADTN) were screened for dopamine vascular agonist activity.
  • (15) Synthesis of 3-O-phytanyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphoryl-1'-sn-glycerol (monophytanyl ether analogue of lysophosphatidyl glycerol) was carried out by conversion of the above phosphotriester to the monosilver salt of the suitably blocked lysophosphatidic acid which was condensed with 1-iodo-2-O-t-butyl-3-O-benzyl-sn-glycerol.
  • (16) Photohemolysis was decreased by reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced even more by butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA); sodium azide, superoxide dismutase and mannitol did not show a significant effect.
  • (17) Simple and rapid determination method for butylated hydroxyanisole [2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole)] (BHA) (CAS no.
  • (18) Thereafter, they were divided into 6 groups and were maintained on diet containing either 2% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 1% BHA, 1% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 1% ethoxyquin (EQ) or 1% DL-alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TP) for 32 weeks.
  • (19) Mutagenicity of Salmonella TA98 and covalent binding to DNA of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB) were used to assess the influence of di-tert.-butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the in vitro activation of the arylamine by rat hepatic S9 metabolic systems.
  • (20) A 50% decrease was found in the ability of carcinogen-altered bronchi to act as a substrate for lipid peroxidation mediated by Adriamycin and an approximately 30% decrease for lipid peroxidation induced by t-butyl-hydroperoxide.

Hydrocarbon


Definition:

  • (n.) A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The high transition enthalpy for kerasin is ascribed to a lesser accommodation of gauche conformers in the hydrocarbon chains just below the transition temperature.
  • (2) Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility, carbon monoxide in expired air (CO), serum gammaglutamyl-transferase (GGT), and total cholesterol were compared in equal-sized, age-matched samples of healthy middle-aged males born in 1921, 1934-1936, and 1946 attending the ongoing preventive medical population program in Malmö.
  • (3) The length of the hydrocarbon chains of the surface-modified silica supports had no significant influence on the selectivity.
  • (4) The specificity of binding to microsomal proteins of metabolically activated hydrocarbons has been studied.
  • (5) Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase is present and inducible in Buffalo rat liver cells in culture.
  • (6) The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
  • (7) Experiments with a series of adsorbents homologous with CPAD-Sepharose, in which the length of the hydrocarbon chain was varied, provided strong evidence of hydrophobic interactions, in addition to ionic interactions, in the binding of these proteins to CPAD-Sepharose.
  • (8) In the hydrocarbon promotion study, dose related increases were observed in the incidence of ACF in male rats promoted with UG or 50 ppm TMP for 24 or 60 weeks.
  • (9) The results also demonstrated that there was not any apparent correlation between the receptor-binding avidities and in vitro monooxygenase enzyme-induction potencies for the most active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • (10) Both main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions, containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being induced to the greatest extent.
  • (11) Pancreas transplantation offers the possibility of preventing the development and progression of diabetic lesions by adequate control of hydrocarbon metabolism.
  • (12) A comparison of the relative cytosolic Ah (9S) receptor binding affinities and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction potencies of these hydrocarbons with their 4S protein binding affinities demonstrated the following: five compounds, namely 1,2,5,6-dibenz[a]-anthracene, 1,2,3,4-dibenz[a]anthracene, picene, benzo[a]pyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene exhibited high to moderate binding affinities for the 4S and 9S cytosolic proteins (EC50 values less than 10(-6) M) and induced AHH in rat hepatoma cells; three compounds, namely perylene, benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene exhibited high affinities for the 4S binding protein (1.25 X 10(-7), 4.4 X 10(-8) and 2.9 X 10(-8) M, respectively) and low affinities (EC50 values greater than 10(-5) M) for the Ah receptor protein; moreover these three compounds did not induce AHH in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture.
  • (13) It was found that HBSAg was strongly bound to straight hydrocarbon chains with more than seven carbon atoms.
  • (14) The parent hydrocarbons and the related K-region dihydrodiols induced some sister-chromatid exchanges but they were considerably less active than these two non-K-region diols.
  • (15) The effect of various fuel additives on the ability of platinum-palladium catalytic converters to remove the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon components of automotive exhaust has been examined.
  • (16) Other chlorinated hydrocarbons as decachlorobiphenyl, pentachloronaphthalene, hexachloronaphthalene and hexachlorostyrene were identified, but not quantified.
  • (17) It has been estimated that natural oil seeps may also contribute as much as 10% of the hydrocarbons in the global marine environment.
  • (18) The metabolic fate of the carcinogenic aza-aromatic hydrocarbon 7-methyl[7-(14)C]benz[c]acridine (14C-7MBAC) was studied in hepatocytes freshly isolated from untreated, phenobarbital-pretreated and 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats.
  • (19) Renal cytochrome P450, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, and benzphetamine N-demethylase were increased after partial hepatectomy by 84%, 360%, 165% and 406%, respectively.
  • (20) Antioxidants devoid of hydrocarbon tails, are 10-20 fold more potent LPO inhibitors than the corresponding AOs with hydrocarbon tails.