(n.) An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of elements. Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca.
Example Sentences:
(1) In studies of calcium metabolism in 13 unselected patients with untreated sarcoidosis all were normocalcaemic but five had hypercalcuria.
(2) After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and calcium ionophore A23187, culture supernatants of clones c18A and c29A showed cytotoxic activity against human melanoma A375 Met-Mix and other cell lines which were resistant to the tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin and interleukin 1.
(3) The half-life of 45Ca in the various calcium fractions of both types of bone was 72 hours in both the control and malnourished groups except the calcium complex portion of the long bone of the control group, which was about 100 hours.
(4) Calcium alginate dressings have been used in the treatment of pressure ulcers and leg ulcers.
(5) of PLA2 caused marked degranulation of mast cells in the rat mesentery which was facilitated by addition of calcium ion (10 mM) but antagonized by pretreating with three antiinflammatory agents.
(6) Thus adrenaline, via pre- and post-junctional adrenoceptors, may contribute to enhanced vascular smooth muscle contraction, which most likely is sensitized by the elevated intracellular calcium concentration.
(7) It includes preincubation of diluted plasma with ellagic acid and phospholipids and a starting reagent that contains calcium and a chromogenic peptide substrate for thrombin, Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA.
(8) The results show that endolymph is extremely inhomogenous with respect to calcium potentials.
(9) The occupation of the high affinity calcium binding site by Ca(II) and Mn(II) does not influence the Cu(II) binding process, suggesting that there is no direct interaction between this site and the Cu(II) binding sites.
(10) This was unlike the action of the calcium channel blocker, cadmium, which reduced the calcium action potential and the a.h.p.
(11) Increases in extracellular calcium antagonized the negative inotropic effect.
(12) Plasma membranes were isolated from rat kidney and their transport properties for sodium, calcium, protons, phosphate, glucose, lactate, and phenylalanine were investigated.
(13) In experiments performed to determine whether PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis induced by TRH may have been caused by the elevation of [Ca2+]i, the following results were obtained: the effect of TRH to decrease the level of PtdIns(4,5)P2 was not reproduced by the calcium ionophore A23187 or by membrane depolarization with 50 mM K+; the calcium antagonist TMB-8 did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2; and, most importantly, inhibition by EGTA of the elevation of [Ca2+]i did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2.
(14) The distribution of gelsolin, a calcium-dependent actin-severing and capping protein, in the retina of the developing and adult rabbit was studied.
(15) In K+-depolarized basilar arteries, ifenprodil competitively antagonized the response to Ca2+, and this was enhanced by pre-incubation in calcium hopantenate.
(16) Thirty of the 32 women of the calcitonin group and 27 of 28 women of the calcium group finished treatment.
(17) The influence of calcium ions on the electrophoretic properties of phospholipid stabilized emulsions containing various quantities of the sodium salts of oleic acid (SO), phosphatidic acid (SPA), phosphatidylinositol (SPI), and phosphatidylserine (SPS) was examined.
(18) Hypercalcitoninemia was the most pronounced in patients with cardiac rhythm disorders and a simultaneous reduction in total serum calcium.
(19) The effects of low doses of dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel antagonists nimodipine, nifedipine, (-)-R-202-791, and amlodipine, the DHP calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 were investigated on clonic convulsions to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice.
(20) A comprehensive review of the roentgenographic features of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease (pseudogout) is presented.
Hepar
Definition:
(n.) Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown color, sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium), and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides. Called also hepar sulphuris (/).
(n.) Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance; specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also hepar sulphuris calcareum (/).
Example Sentences:
(1) One patient developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and one subject developed pulmonary fibrosis, both presumably attributable to treatment with mitomycin C. Another patient died of hepatic failure (hepar lobatum).
(2) The safety of mesothelial integument in hepar capsula has not been damaged.
(3) The conclusions of the two stages are ordered by the amount of evidence computed by HEPAR.
(4) Initial results showed comparable performance of hirudinized saline and heparized saline, both of which were better than saline, for preventing thrombosis.
(5) Besides the uniform daily energy intake of 750 ml of 40% invert sugar and 250 ml of 20% Lipofundin, the daily amino acid infusion of group I (n = 13) was only 500 ml EAS pfrimmer (34.5 g), of group II (n = 10) 250 ml EAS pfrimmer and 250 ml of 7.5% Intrafusin, and of group III (n = 16) 250 ml EAS pfrimmer and 350 ml Aminofusin Hepar (33.1 g).
(6) In three of these patients, all of whom had taken an overdose of paracetamol, the acidosis was severe, present before the onset of clinical heparic failure, and associated with hypoglycaemiaand mild hypotension.
(7) HEPAR is an expert system which can be used as a supportive tool in the diagnosis of disorders of the liver and biliary tract.
(8) This is the first clinico-pathological report of hepar lobatum carcinomatosum (HLC), the rarest form of metastatic liver disease.
(9) The possibility of hepar resection by means of Soviet-made ultrasound device URSK-7N-18 was investigated in experiment on 13 mongrel dogs.
(10) An instance of hepar lobatum of unusual etiology is described.
(11) There were three groups of five dogs each: Group I had no anticoagulants; Group II received systemic heparization; Group III perfusions utilized heparin-bonded circuits.
(12) The representation language employed in HEPAR consists of production rules with object-attribute-value triples.
(13) In this paper the structure, development process and approach followed in the validation of the HEPAR system are described.
(14) The scarring subdivided the liver into irregular areas resulting in the characteristic gross appearance of hepar lobatum.
(15) The possibilities of application of the "Hepar" computer system in medical didactics are discussed.
(16) The HEPAR system is a medical expert system intended as a supportive tool for the diagnosis of disorders of the liver and biliary tract.
(17) Light and heavy petrols influence as well, as that of trichloroethylene on morphological changes in the hepar and lungs of gravid Wistar females was investigated.
(18) During a 3-day infusion period a so-called liver solution (Aminofusin hepar) was given to one group of animals, a normal solution (Infesol) to a second group, and only an electrolyte infusion solution under oral nutrition ad libitum to a third one.
(19) Hepar lobatum is now a rarity in developed countries.
(20) It was found that inhalation of petrols and trichloroethylene in small concentrations caused degenerative changes in the hepar parenchyma, while there were no changes in the lungs.