What's the difference between calcium and mammillary?
Calcium
Definition:
(n.) An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of elements. Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca.
Example Sentences:
(1) In studies of calcium metabolism in 13 unselected patients with untreated sarcoidosis all were normocalcaemic but five had hypercalcuria.
(2) After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and calcium ionophore A23187, culture supernatants of clones c18A and c29A showed cytotoxic activity against human melanoma A375 Met-Mix and other cell lines which were resistant to the tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin and interleukin 1.
(3) The half-life of 45Ca in the various calcium fractions of both types of bone was 72 hours in both the control and malnourished groups except the calcium complex portion of the long bone of the control group, which was about 100 hours.
(4) Calcium alginate dressings have been used in the treatment of pressure ulcers and leg ulcers.
(5) of PLA2 caused marked degranulation of mast cells in the rat mesentery which was facilitated by addition of calcium ion (10 mM) but antagonized by pretreating with three antiinflammatory agents.
(6) Thus adrenaline, via pre- and post-junctional adrenoceptors, may contribute to enhanced vascular smooth muscle contraction, which most likely is sensitized by the elevated intracellular calcium concentration.
(7) It includes preincubation of diluted plasma with ellagic acid and phospholipids and a starting reagent that contains calcium and a chromogenic peptide substrate for thrombin, Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA.
(8) The results show that endolymph is extremely inhomogenous with respect to calcium potentials.
(9) The occupation of the high affinity calcium binding site by Ca(II) and Mn(II) does not influence the Cu(II) binding process, suggesting that there is no direct interaction between this site and the Cu(II) binding sites.
(10) This was unlike the action of the calcium channel blocker, cadmium, which reduced the calcium action potential and the a.h.p.
(11) Increases in extracellular calcium antagonized the negative inotropic effect.
(12) Plasma membranes were isolated from rat kidney and their transport properties for sodium, calcium, protons, phosphate, glucose, lactate, and phenylalanine were investigated.
(13) In experiments performed to determine whether PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis induced by TRH may have been caused by the elevation of [Ca2+]i, the following results were obtained: the effect of TRH to decrease the level of PtdIns(4,5)P2 was not reproduced by the calcium ionophore A23187 or by membrane depolarization with 50 mM K+; the calcium antagonist TMB-8 did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2; and, most importantly, inhibition by EGTA of the elevation of [Ca2+]i did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2.
(14) The distribution of gelsolin, a calcium-dependent actin-severing and capping protein, in the retina of the developing and adult rabbit was studied.
(15) In K+-depolarized basilar arteries, ifenprodil competitively antagonized the response to Ca2+, and this was enhanced by pre-incubation in calcium hopantenate.
(16) Thirty of the 32 women of the calcitonin group and 27 of 28 women of the calcium group finished treatment.
(17) The influence of calcium ions on the electrophoretic properties of phospholipid stabilized emulsions containing various quantities of the sodium salts of oleic acid (SO), phosphatidic acid (SPA), phosphatidylinositol (SPI), and phosphatidylserine (SPS) was examined.
(18) Hypercalcitoninemia was the most pronounced in patients with cardiac rhythm disorders and a simultaneous reduction in total serum calcium.
(19) The effects of low doses of dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel antagonists nimodipine, nifedipine, (-)-R-202-791, and amlodipine, the DHP calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 were investigated on clonic convulsions to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice.
(20) A comprehensive review of the roentgenographic features of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease (pseudogout) is presented.
Mammillary
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the mammilla, or nipple, or to the breast; resembling a mammilla; mammilloid.
(a.) Composed of convex convex concretions, somewhat resembling the breasts in form; studded with small mammiform protuberances.
Example Sentences:
(1) Labelled perikarya were seen in the region of the ipsilateral medial forebrain bundle, consistently rostral to the caudal edge of the posterior mammillary nucleus.
(2) This increase is more intense in the mammillary nuclei than in the thalamic ones.
(3) The regional changes in glucose utilization induced by U-50,488H in the brain were most pronounced in components of the limbic forebrain circuit such as the anterior thalamic nuclei, mammillary body, frontal cortex, lateral septal nucleus, nucleus accumbens and lateral habenular nucleus as well as in the brainstem tegmental nuclei and the dorsal and median raphe nucleus (components of the limbic midbrain area).
(4) Groups of stained neurons were observed in the periphery of ventro- and dorsomedial, lateral and mammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus.
(5) On day 19 the subfornical organ, mammillary nuclei and the central nucleus of the amygdala, and on day 21 the periaqueductal gray and the interpeduncular nucleus became invaded by GnRH axons.
(6) The mammillary bodies are already shaped in the last stages of the fetal development, and you can differentiate clearly in them the medial mammillary nucleus (MMN) and lateral mammillary nucleus (LMN).
(7) TRH binding site concentration was moderate in the ventromedial nucleus and the medial preoptic area, whereas we observed low densities in the periventricular, paraventricular and mammillary nuclei.
(8) In contrast to results for lateral septum, recordings from medial and lateral mammillary nuclei indicate only small, diffuse excitation that exhibits no consistent changes over training, and is not related to activity seen in hippocampal or septal regions.
(9) Subcortical projections to the anterior thalamic nuclei were studied in the rat, with special reference to projections from the mammillary nuclei, by retrograde and anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase.
(10) The limbic system showed decrements in the medial cortex and hippocampal dentate gyrus (outer blade) and the lateral habenula, while there was stimulation in the mammillary body and the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus.
(11) Bradycardia was evoked in rabbits anaesthetized with chloralose-urethane by electrical stimulation (200 or 300 microA, 1 ms, 60 s-1 for 9 s, repeated every 5 min) of a selected point in the caudal hypothalamus 1.5 mm from the midline dorsal to the mammillary bodies.
(12) In the present information the course of fibre pathways which are connected with the mammillary body of the cattle is described in 14 series of brains (6 frontal, 4 sagittal, 4 horizontal series, stained by the combined cell-fibre-method after KLUVER and BARRERA and by the method for myelined fibres after HEIDENHAIN).
(13) Two model structures, mammillary and catenary, were fitted to the data.
(14) In thiamine deficiency, nimodipine significantly raised LCpH in 5 of 17 structures evaluated, two of which, the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus and the mammillary body, are vulnerable to the development of histological lesions in this condition.
(15) In addition, sparse immunoreactive cell bodies were displayed in the paraventricular and medial mammillary nuclei.
(16) However, based on the selective labelling of neurons of this nucleus by the [3H]thymidine ARG technique, our results clearly show that a germinative zone lying caudally along the dorsal aspect of the mammillary recess is responsible for the formation of the neurons of the subthalamic nucleus.
(17) There were high concentrations of binding found over the accumbens nucleus, the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, ventral caudate putamen, median eminence, the arcuate nucleus, lateral amygdaloid nucleus and lateral mammillary nucleus, the superior and inferior colliculi, pontine nuclei, molecular and Purkinje cell layers of the cerebellar cortex, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the inferior olivary nuclei, hypoglossal complex and the vestibular and cochlear nuclei.
(18) Mammillary fistulae developed more frequently in current smokers (P less than 0.03).
(19) The triple-decked and sequentially produced components of the mammillary system may arise from separate neuroepithelial sites.
(20) Moderate to strong hybridization was found in the dorsal thalamic nuclei, layers II and VI of the cerebral cortex, the anterior olfactory nucleus and primary olfactory cortex, the hypothalamic mammillary nuclei, the subthalamus, and the granule and mitral cells of the olfactory bulb.