(n. pl.) An instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or compasses with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or thickness of bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer, timber, masts, shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes, etc.; -- called also caliper compasses, or caliber compasses.
Example Sentences:
(1) The scleral arc length is slightly longer than the chord length (caliper setting).
(2) Inflammation was measured with the use of Harpenden calipers by the increase in skin thickness at 48 hours.
(3) A pair consisted of a case and two controls which were selected randomly by using multivariate caliper matching.
(4) Adipose tissue patterning by assessment of skinfold thickness using calipers and incision confirms significant sex differences but emphasizes the neglected importance of skin thickness.
(5) It was found that at a torque of 0.7 Newton-metres, the caliper became detached at the maximum load, but still held during traction at torques above this value.
(6) The first method consisted of using a vernier caliper by which direct measurements (Dv) of the distances were recorded.
(7) After dissection of a muscle the distance from the posterior limbus (gray-white line) to the insertion line of the muscle was measured with calipers both at the midpoint and at each end of the insertion.
(8) The effect of application site on anthralin inflammation was measured at 10 clinically normal volar skin sites on each forearm of 31 subjects as the increase in skin thickness at 48 h using Harpenden calipers.
(9) Ultrasound measurements of lumen diameter and area correlated significantly with those of corresponding arteriographic measurements obtained by use of digital calipers (r = 0.91, r = 0.86).
(10) Fat was measured with skinfold calipers and B-mode ultrasound.
(11) The degree of obesity is assessed from the body mass index (BMI) and the percentage of total body fat calculated from skinfolds measured by means of a caliper.
(12) The skinfold thickness at three different sites (triceps, subscapular and suprailiac) were measured using Holtain Skin Fold Caliper in 941 children of 0-5 years of age.
(13) The variability of duplicate measurements with the skinfold caliper appeared to be somewhat lower than with ultrasound measurements.
(14) In 2,300 persons of both sex, 6, 8, 10, and 18 years of age, using the caliper of "Holtein"-type for measuring thickness of skin-fat folds, age dynamics in distribution of subcutaneous fat, as well as general, subcutaneous and internal fat have been estimated.
(15) Skinfold calipers provide a more unequivocal index of the amount and distribution of subcutaneous fat.
(16) Changes in body composition during weight reduction of 20 obese women were quantified by anthropometry (weight, waist and hip circumferences, skinfold thicknesses determined with a skinfold caliper and ultrasonically), densitometry (hydrostatic weighing), tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance (TBI) and computed tomography (CT scan of abdomen and thorax).
(17) Using skinfold calipers, eight raters performed skinfold fat measurements at three anatomical sites on 10 male and 10 female subjects.
(18) We determined the mean caliper diameter for the five most common classes of cells found in the gas exchange portion of rat lung.
(19) Tumour growth delay has been investigated as an endpoint of radiation effect in selected patients with superficial metastases measured by calipers and ultrasound.
(20) The maximal right and left carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured with calipers during the scanning from frozen images by four observers in a blinded fashion.
Vernier
Definition:
(n.) A short scale made to slide along the divisions of a graduated instrument, as the limb of a sextant, or the scale of a barometer, for indicating parts of divisions. It is so graduated that a certain convenient number of its divisions are just equal to a certain number, either one less or one more, of the divisions of the instrument, so that parts of a division are determined by observing what line on the vernier coincides with a line on the instrument.
Example Sentences:
(1) The first method consisted of using a vernier caliper by which direct measurements (Dv) of the distances were recorded.
(2) The tests are resistant to the effects of opacities because they utilize a localization task (vernier acuity) rather than a resolution task.
(3) We report that the ability to detect a small vernier offset (less than 5 sec of arc in many individuals) between two small spots of light separated by a narrow gap can be disrupted by presenting additional targets in close proximity to the vernier stimulus.
(4) This result implies that the human visual system processes vernier offsets in parallel.
(5) Vernier acuity and vernier bias were examined in persons aged 20 to 79 years using a method of adjustments.
(6) Previous experiments that have compared monocular vernier acuity in amblyopic, monocularly blind, and normal binocular subjects have been confined to the center of the retina.
(7) Sensitivity to sinusoidal curvature (periodic vernier acuity) was measured by the method of adjustment as a function of spatial frequency of the curvature.2.
(8) Almost all increases in thresholds with eccentricity were explained by the theory in five of these tasks, which included the two-dot vernier hyperacuity test, the measurement of visual acuities with gratings, the Snellen E test, and two acuity tests that required either separation between dots or discrimination between two mirror-symmetric forms.
(9) The previously reported contrast dependence of vernier acuity was confirmed, but contrast had a much smaller effect upon interval acuity.
(10) In the past 10 years much has been learned about the development of two hyperacuities, namely, vernier acuity and stereoacuity.
(11) The developmental function for vernier acuity is discussed in relation to physiologic development of the kitten visual system and is related to published data on the development of stereoacuity and spatial resolution in the same species.
(12) Although stereoacuity and vernier acuity both yield comparable thresholds well below the eye's resolution limit, the neural circuits for these two classes of visual responses do not process the signals in an identical manner.
(13) Near birth, grating acuity is relatively more mature than vernier acuity.
(14) All vernier results, both for better and amblyopic eye, were within one line of Snellen acuity.
(15) Neither the variation in retinal eccentricity nor changing the paradigm to a vernier acuity task altered the basic pattern of results.
(16) Subjects showed little improvement in OC vernier acuity, even after 50,000 trials.
(17) In a crossover comparison with standard Vernier-type calipers, the Tumorimeter was significantly more accurate than bidimensional caliper determinations (less than or equal to 5% surface area error vs a 21-28% overestimate error for calipers).
(18) Vernier thresholds for all spatial frequencies are related to contrast by a power law with exponents of approximately -0.8.
(19) The values obtained by image analysis and by measurement with vernier calliper are identical and similar to the data of the literature.
(20) Differences between OC and SC vernier acuities persisted over a wide range of interstimulus spacings, widths, and contrasts.