(n.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat contained in bodies or developed by some mechanical or chemical process, as friction, chemical combination, combustion, etc.
(n.) An apparatus for measuring the proportion of unevaporated water contained in steam.
Example Sentences:
(1) The subjects were all apparently healthy, had a mean body weight of 66 kg and had spent the preceding day in the calorimeter performing different fixed physical activity programmes.
(2) The heat uptake that resulted from immersing the hand and wrist into a water-filled calorimeter maintained at temperatures between 37-40 degrees C was measured under standard conditions in a group of eight subjects of either sex.
(3) The indirect calorimeter system included an air-temperature-controlled chamber and heart rate monitor.
(4) The values of Ngas determined with the calorimeter are within 1% of Ngas calculated according to the AAPM protocol, using the 60Co exposure-calibration factor.
(5) A multifrequency calorimeter has been designed to measure the amplitude and time regime of the enthalpic fluctuations associated with structural or conformational transitions in biological macromolecular systems.
(6) The pigs were placed individually into an open-circuit, indirect calorimeter and connected to an arteriovenous (A-V) O2 difference analyzer for hourly simultaneous measurements of O2 consumption by W and PVDO.
(7) A calorimeter suitable for measuring human energy expenditure has been assembled by the US Department of Agriculture in Beltsville, Maryland.
(8) Thermopile heat conduction calorimeters normally have high time constants.
(9) It is essential to train each hen before a series of calorimeter experiments.
(10) Thermoregulatory sweating was minimized by adjusting cooling in the calorimeter suit.
(11) Mechanical efficiency during a step test was measured in chronically energy-deficient (CED) individuals and compared to well-nourished subjects using a whole-body indirect calorimeter.
(12) Their rate is comparable to the velocity of temperature change in a calorimeter, which is the cause of non-equilibrium effects in a calorimetric experiment.
(13) The intrinsic instrumental component is always present and its effect on the shape of the experimental curve depends on the magnitude of the calorimeter response time.
(14) Daily energy expenditure (determined in a whole room calorimeter) was significantly correlated with both fat-free mass (FFM) and aerobic fitness (estimated from maximum aerobic capacity or VO2max).
(15) A rapid-response stopped-flow calorimeter for small samples of reagents is described.
(16) A transportable, whole body indirect calorimeter, designed for use in the tropics, is described.
(17) The irreversible thermal denaturation of the association complexes of bovine beta-trypsin with soybean trypsin inhibitor or ovomucoid was observed with a differential scanning calorimeter.
(18) There were no differences (P greater than .05) in 8- to 24-h fasting O2 and CO2 measurements determined on d 16, 19, 20 and 21, indicating that adaptation to calorimeters was not needed by the pigs.
(19) The shape of the thermogram and the total heat output of aerobically growing cultures of Klebsiella aerogenes depend on the nature and state of the inoculum, the composition of the growth medium, aeration in the fermentor and in the calorimeter, and the pump rate of the culture through the microcalorimeter cell.
(20) The results showed no detectable heat defect in graphite after prolonged periods of exposing the calorimeter to air at atmospheric pressure.
Calorimetry
Definition:
(n.) Measurement of the quantities of heat in bodies.
Example Sentences:
(1) The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies demonstrate an increased susceptibility of the Ala 183----Pro mutant to thermal denaturation.
(2) Respiratory gas exchange and indirect calorimetry were used to obtain resting energy expenditure (REE) and net substrate oxidation rates.
(3) A theoretical treatment is included of the temperature dependence of total heat capacity, the variable recorded in the form of continuous thermograms by means of differential scanning calorimetry.
(4) The conformational similarity between tubules, sheets, and the dry powder is corroborated by calorimetry, which reveals a cooling exotherm at the same temperature where tubules form upon cooling hydrated sheets.
(5) Average increases in resting metabolic expenditure for a group of patients following elective operation, skeletal trauma, skeletal trauma with head injury, blunt trauma, sepsis and burns were determined by indirect calorimetry and protein need by urinary nitrogen losses over extended time periods.
(6) The thermal transitions of rat liver microsomes and isolated lipids were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry.
(7) The precipitated protein was denatured as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, but was also completely redissolved if pH was increased to above the isoelectric point.
(8) The average specific absorption rates (SARs) in the head, tail, and body of the exposed rats were measured by means of a calorimetry system.
(9) Simultaneously, energy expenditure and whole-body lipogenesis were measured by indirect calorimetry.
(10) Measurements of hand blood flow were made by calorimetry and of forearm, calf, and foot blood flows by straingauge venous occlusion plethysmography at rest (Ta = 22 degrees C) and during rewarming.
(11) Absorption spectra, circular dichroism spectra, and differential scanning calorimetry thermograms suggest that the amino acid change at the active site causes no detectable change in the tertiary structure of the enzyme.
(12) The interactions of Cd(II) and A1(III) with phytic acid to form both soluble and insoluble complexes have been studied by calorimetry.
(13) Over the last year, important strides were made in improving bioprocess monitoring using NADH fluorescence, viscosity, affinity techniques, enzyme and microbial sensors, calorimetry, flow injection analysis and bioluminescence.
(14) This method is a more direct, simpler and more accurate one for the assessment of rehabilitation effectiveness in clinics than the more widely used direct measurement of energy cost by indirect calorimetry.
(15) Its stability was measured by optical rotatory dispersion, differential scanning calorimetry, and trypsin susceptibility of the partially unfolded molecules.
(16) Moreover, this experiment showed that direct and indirect calorimetry provided comparable energy-expenditure measurements during this period.
(17) For the estimation of energy expenditure without calorimetry assessment of cardiac function is essential.
(18) By using thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electric conductometry, and polarized light cryomicrographic techniques, the solubilities in water, freezing point, eutectic point, and melting behavior of CET-Na in aqueous solution were investigated.
(19) Metabolic carts (MC) for indirect calorimetry are expensive, require the use of meticulous technique by trained personnel, and impose conditions that are difficult to maintain in critically ill patients.
(20) Daily activities were recorded and the energy cost of representative activities was determined by indirect calorimetry.