(n.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat contained in bodies or developed by some mechanical or chemical process, as friction, chemical combination, combustion, etc.
(n.) An apparatus for measuring the proportion of unevaporated water contained in steam.
Example Sentences:
(1) The subjects were all apparently healthy, had a mean body weight of 66 kg and had spent the preceding day in the calorimeter performing different fixed physical activity programmes.
(2) The heat uptake that resulted from immersing the hand and wrist into a water-filled calorimeter maintained at temperatures between 37-40 degrees C was measured under standard conditions in a group of eight subjects of either sex.
(3) The indirect calorimeter system included an air-temperature-controlled chamber and heart rate monitor.
(4) The values of Ngas determined with the calorimeter are within 1% of Ngas calculated according to the AAPM protocol, using the 60Co exposure-calibration factor.
(5) A multifrequency calorimeter has been designed to measure the amplitude and time regime of the enthalpic fluctuations associated with structural or conformational transitions in biological macromolecular systems.
(6) The pigs were placed individually into an open-circuit, indirect calorimeter and connected to an arteriovenous (A-V) O2 difference analyzer for hourly simultaneous measurements of O2 consumption by W and PVDO.
(7) A calorimeter suitable for measuring human energy expenditure has been assembled by the US Department of Agriculture in Beltsville, Maryland.
(8) Thermopile heat conduction calorimeters normally have high time constants.
(9) It is essential to train each hen before a series of calorimeter experiments.
(10) Thermoregulatory sweating was minimized by adjusting cooling in the calorimeter suit.
(11) Mechanical efficiency during a step test was measured in chronically energy-deficient (CED) individuals and compared to well-nourished subjects using a whole-body indirect calorimeter.
(12) Their rate is comparable to the velocity of temperature change in a calorimeter, which is the cause of non-equilibrium effects in a calorimetric experiment.
(13) The intrinsic instrumental component is always present and its effect on the shape of the experimental curve depends on the magnitude of the calorimeter response time.
(14) Daily energy expenditure (determined in a whole room calorimeter) was significantly correlated with both fat-free mass (FFM) and aerobic fitness (estimated from maximum aerobic capacity or VO2max).
(15) A rapid-response stopped-flow calorimeter for small samples of reagents is described.
(16) A transportable, whole body indirect calorimeter, designed for use in the tropics, is described.
(17) The irreversible thermal denaturation of the association complexes of bovine beta-trypsin with soybean trypsin inhibitor or ovomucoid was observed with a differential scanning calorimeter.
(18) There were no differences (P greater than .05) in 8- to 24-h fasting O2 and CO2 measurements determined on d 16, 19, 20 and 21, indicating that adaptation to calorimeters was not needed by the pigs.
(19) The shape of the thermogram and the total heat output of aerobically growing cultures of Klebsiella aerogenes depend on the nature and state of the inoculum, the composition of the growth medium, aeration in the fermentor and in the calorimeter, and the pump rate of the culture through the microcalorimeter cell.
(20) The results showed no detectable heat defect in graphite after prolonged periods of exposing the calorimeter to air at atmospheric pressure.
Heat
Definition:
(n.) A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name caloric.
(n.) The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold.
(n.) High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or body in fever, etc.
(n.) Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise.
(n.) A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats.
(n.) A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats out of three.
(n.) Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party.
(n.) Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation.
(n.) Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency.
(n.) Sexual excitement in animals.
(n.) Fermentation.
(v. t.) To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to heat an oven or furnace, an iron, or the like.
(v. t.) To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish.
(v. t.) To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.
(v. i.) To grow warm or hot by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication of heat; as, the iron or the water heats slowly.
(v. i.) To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by chemical action; as, green hay heats in a mow, and manure in the dunghill.
(imp. & p. p.) Heated; as, the iron though heat red-hot.
Example Sentences:
(1) Tryptic digestion of the membranes caused complete disappearance of the binding activity, but heat-treatment for 5 min at 70 degrees C caused only 40% loss of activity.
(2) A new and simple method of serotyping campylobacters has been developed which utilises co-agglutination to detect the presence of heat-stable antigens.
(3) The 40 degrees C heating induced an increase in systolic, diastolic, average and pulse pressure at rectal temperature raised to 40 degrees C. Further growth of the body temperature was accompanied by a decrease in the above parameters.
(4) The effect of heat on glucocorticoids of plasma was not significant.
(5) This Mr 20,000 inhibitory activity was acid and heat stable and sensitive to dithiothreitol and trypsin.
(6) There is a relationship between the duration of stimulation (t) and the total heat production (H) of the type H = A plus bt, where A and b are constants.
(7) This suggests that there was a deterioration of the vasoconstrictor response and indicated a possible effect of heat at the receptor or effector level.
(8) While both inhibitors caused thermosensitization, they did not affect the time scale for the development of thermotolerance at 42 degrees C or after acute heating at 45 degrees C. The inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribosylation) radiosensitizers and thermosensitizers may be of use in the treatment of cancer using a combined modality of radiation and hyperthermia.
(9) The binding to DNA-cellulose of heat-activated [3H]RU486-receptor complexes was slightly decreased (37%) when compared with that of the agonist [3H]R5020-receptor complexes (47%).
(10) By means of rapid planar Hill type antimony-bismuth thermophiles the initial heat liberated by papillary muscles was measured synchronously with developed tension for control (C), pressure-overload (GOP), and hypothyrotic (PTU) rat myocardium (chronic experiments) and after application of 10(-6) M isoproterenol or 200 10(-6) M UDCG-115.
(11) The return of NE to normal levels after one month is consistent with the observation that LH-lesioned rats are by one month postlesion no longer hypermetabolic, but display levels of heat production appropriate to the reduced body weight they then maintain.
(12) It is the action of this protease that releases the enzyme from the membrane, as shown by the observations that protease inhibitors decreased the amount of solubilization of the enzyme, and the enzyme remaining in the membrane after heating showed much less proteolytic cleavage than that which was released.
(13) The apparent sensitivity of Escherichia coli K12 to mild heat was increased by recA (def), recB and polA, but not by uvrA, uvrB or recF mutations.
(14) Michele Hanson 'The heat finally broke – I realised something had to change …' Stuart Heritage (right) with his brother in 2003.
(15) The data suggest that inhibition of gain in weight with the addition of pyruvate and dihydroxyacetone to the diet is the result of an increased loss of calories as heat at the expense of storage as lipid.
(16) Induction of both potential transcripts follows heat shock in vivo.
(17) Lebedev punched Polonsky during a heated early recording of NTVshniki.
(18) At the site of injury heat itself causes microvascular damage.
(19) Acid-fast bacilli were isolated from 3 out of 41 mice inoculoted with heat killed bacilli.
(20) Mean run time and total ST time were faster with CE (by 1.4 and 1.2 min) although not significantly different (P less than 0.06 and P less than 0.10) from P. Subjects reported no significant difference in nausea, fullness, or stomach upset with CE compared to P. General physiological responses were similar for each drink during 2 h of multi-modal exercise in the heat; however, blood glucose, carbohydrate utilization, and exercise intensity at the end of a ST may be increased with CE fluid replacement.