What's the difference between calvaria and cranium?
Calvaria
Definition:
(n.) The bones of the cranium; more especially, the bones of the domelike upper portion.
Example Sentences:
(1) A novel staining procedure for enumerating osteoclasts on neonatal mouse calvaria with the vital fluorescent dye acridine orange is described.
(2) Reduced medium pH depletes surface Na and K of cultured calvariae with respect to Ca.
(3) Osteoblast-like rat calvaria cells release specific insulin-like growth factor (IGF) carrier proteins (CPs).
(4) The relation between the level of cyclic AMP and bone resorption was studied in a bone organ culture system, using calvaria from newborn mice.
(5) The 340,000-dalton protein is present in cell-free translation products directed by RNA prepared from limb bud cultures and sternae and is absent in cell-free translation directed by RNA prepared from embryonic calvaria or liver.
(6) Stimuli that enhanced the cAMP level in both osteoblastlike (BL) and osteoclastlike (CL) cells and in intact calvaria only induced ODC activity in the isolated cell populations.
(7) Cloned MC3T3-E1 cells which have retained several osteoblast-like characteristics were derived from newborn mouse calvaria.
(8) The effects of interleukin-1 did not appear to be related to osteoclast precursor proliferation, since hydroxyurea (which inhibits DNA synthesis in these cultures) had no effect on the response of calvaria calavaria increases osteoclast to interleukin-1.
(9) First, a 200-fold increase occurs in normal fetal calvaria osteoblasts producing a mineralizing matrix, compared to confluent osteoblasts in a nonmineralizing matrix.
(10) It was found that a dose of calcitonin sufficient to cause a significant decrease of plasma calcium failed to produce any detectable accumulation cyclic AMP in calvaria, but when high doses of calcitonin were given, there was an apparent correlation between the integrated change of cyclic AMP metabolism and the duration and magnitude of hypocalcemia.
(11) To label in vivo, we subcutaneously injected 40Ca or 44Ca into mice equal to a percentage of their total body weight and dissected the calvariae 24 h later.
(12) Newborn rat calvariae, cultured for 24 h in the presence of cortisol (10(-6) M) have a cAMP response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) about twice as high as calvariae cultured in a control medium.
(13) Further characterization of the enzymes showed that they were similar to those previously isolated from media of calvaria cultured with heparin.
(14) The relative amount of bone and uncalcified collagen was quantitated morphologically for rat calvaria during the first four weeks of rapid growth.
(15) Acid p-nitrophenyl phosphatase in rat calvaria extract behaved in the same way as the liver enzyme and was also strongly inhibited by dichloromethylene diphosphonate, but not by ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate.
(16) We also used bone cells obtained by consecutive digestion of the calvaria with enzymes.
(17) Similar analyses were carried out on RNA extracted from calvaria with different levels of collagen synthesis after culture in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid.
(18) Bone grafts taken from the calvaria have been used by some surgeons in the past but its wide acceptance was only achieved after Paul Tessier had reported his own experience.
(19) Synthetic bovine PTH increased cyclic AMP levels to a greater degree in calvaria and in isolated bone cells than in the periosteal segments and cells, whereas sCT was more effective in the periosteal than in the bone systems.
(20) In previous studies we demonstrated that PTH stimulates production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by intact chick calvaria.
Cranium
Definition:
(n.) The skull of an animal; especially, that part of the skull, either cartilaginous or bony, which immediately incloses the brain; the brain case or brainpan. See Skull.
Example Sentences:
(1) Fractures to the midface in the pediatric age group are rare because the mandible and cranium provide protection and absorb most of the traumatic impact.
(2) By fitting the gradient of computer simulated fields to those measured outside the cranium, the accuracy of source localization was substantially improved.
(3) MRI revealed cranium bifida and agenesis of anterior medullar velum.
(4) The type specimen of Turkanapithecus kalakolensis recently recovered from northern Kenya preserves a partial cranium and mandible.
(5) Forty-two ASA physical status I and II patients without history of cardiac or pulmonary disease undergoing surgery not involving the cranium or thorax.
(6) Vascular reconstruction, free vascularized pedicle grafts, transfacial exposure combined with classic neurosurgical exposure have provided a new era for successful surgery of the frontal fossa of the cranium.
(7) A method is described whereby three-dimensional co-ordinates of points on a cranium can be recorded in terms of azimuth, elevation and radial distance from a selected point.
(8) Radiograms of the cranium show a "pumice-stone" appearance of the dome and deformation of the sella turcica.
(9) At the time of initial ultrasonographic assessment, the mother was identified to have a markedly small cranium, consistent with maternal microcephaly.
(10) Spread to the most distal parts of the cranium was only accomplished after the intervening sychondroses had fused.
(11) All patients experiencing infection underwent simultaneous reconstruction of the frontal cranium and nose and three- or four-wall reconstruction of the orbit, where the frontal sinus had previously been eliminated and where a previous bone infection had been present.
(12) Non-metrical variants of the human cranium have been studied in 186 London crania of known age, sex and date of birth.
(13) Exencephaly should be regarded as the most severe form of cranium bifidum, as myeloschisis is in spina bifida.
(14) Cancers and tumours of the ethmoid bone are characterized by the possibility of extension towards the lamina cribrosa and within the cranium.
(15) A method of neurovegetative blockade with and without cranio-cerebral cooling has been worked out to deal with patients with traumas of the cranium and brain of varying severity.
(16) At autopsy, each had a small brain, hydrocephalus, and bony anomaly of the cranium, the one of the posterior fossa and the other of the foramen magnum; in addition, one had absence of the corpus callosum.
(17) A clinical course and the results of treatment of infections in 53 neonates with visceral cranium defects are discussed.
(18) In contrast, although the cortical architecture is often distorted, neuronal maturation in cases of cranium bifidum cysticum is primarily complete, demonstrating normal cerebral cortical layers and NSE positive neural elements.
(19) The prosector's diagnosis of brain atrophy is not supported by the brain weight of 1,336 g, which is near the average brain weight for men of the corresponding age, nor by the volume of the cranium.
(20) Scan microscopic studies were conducted on the periosteal surface and the fracture surfaces of ribs, tibia and vault of the cranium.