(n.) A series of formative cells lying outside of the wood proper and inside of the inner bark. The growth of new wood takes place in the cambium, which is very soft.
(n.) A fancied nutritive juice, formerly supposed to originate in the blood, to repair losses of the system, and to promote its increase.
Example Sentences:
(1) The cells of the cambium layer are destroyed and the collagen of the fibrous layer undergoes depolymerization.
(2) By retaining the cortex, the cambium layer is preserved, and this is thought to have a better osteogenic capacity than vascularized periosteal grafts.
(3) Different stages of cellular development were identified in the botryoid sarcomas, with the most immature cells of the cambium layer devoid of external basement membrane around the tumor cells, although the stroma contained finely dispersed basement membrane material and some cells contained intracytoplasmic laminin or type IV collagen, indicative of the synthesis of these proteins.
(4) The maximal flavylogen concentrations were in the phloem and cambium from mature stems, where all three fractions were richly present.
(5) The specific activities and the activities per cell of these enzymes varied during differentiation of cambium to xylem according to the type polysaccharide synthesized.
(6) At the final stage of the differentiation of cambium to xylem there was a decrease in activity of the enzymes directly involved in producing the soluble precursors of pectin (DUP-D-galactose 4-epimerase and UDP-L-arabinose 4-epimerase and an increase in those producing the precursors of hemicellulose (UDP-D-glucose dehydrogenase and UDP-D-glucuronate decarboxylase).
(7) In 17 experiments the periosteum was wrapped around the grafts with the cambium layer facing the bone, and in seven experiments with the cambium layer facing the muscle.
(8) In 17 adolescent rabbits, a rectangular graft of periosteum was elevated from the medial aspect of each proximal tibia and folded back on itself so that its deep (cambium) layer was facing outward on both sides.
(9) The purpose of this study was to determine if the hyaline-like cartilage produced in major full-thickness defects of a joint surface, treated by a free periosteal graft and subjected to continuous passive motion (CPM), originated exclusively from the progenitor cells of the cambium of the graft.
(10) A graft of periosteum from the proximal tibia was wrapped around a disc of bone from the same area (cambium layer of the periosteum facing outward), then press-fitted into the defect.
(11) The cambium then regenerates along a path where the ratio of auxin to sucrose concentration is similar to that at the original cambium, and its orientation (as regards xylem and phloem formation) is determined by the direction of the gradient in this ratio.
(12) Heterotopically-induced bones are not covered by a periosteal membrane with a functioning cambium layer.
(13) Maintenance of integrity of the cambium layer of the periosteal graft is emphasized.
(14) A similar increase has been found for the ratios determined for xylem tissue compared with those for cambium.
(15) Apart from the superficial epithelium the lesions can be subdivided into a subepithelial myxoid-fibrous zone followed by a proliferative capillary fibroblastic cambium layer.
(16) The new bone was formed by the osteogenic cells of the cambium layer in both types of graft.
(17) The capillary fibroblastic cambium zone disappears and areas of hyalinization are enlarged.
(18) In Series 1 with the cambium layer of the periosteum facing the bone, after 20 weeks a tubular bone with Haversian system and bone marrow was seen.
(19) There was intense proliferation in the cells of the cambium layer of the periosteum, with differentiation to chondroblasts and osteoblasts, suggesting that this layer was the primary tissue responsible for development of the callus.
(20) Degranulating MCs conversely decreased near the cambium layer of the periosteum.
Xylem
Definition:
(n.) That portion of a fibrovascular bundle which has developed, or will develop, into wood cells; -- distinguished from phloem.
Example Sentences:
(1) As shown earlier, at zero turgor pressure the intracellular freezing point of the parenchyma cells matches closely the negative pressure in the xylem sap.
(2) UDP-glucose was found to be the most important sugar nucleotide isolated from both cambial and young xylem tissue.
(3) The abnormal proliferation of lateral buds in the former plants is probably linked to the elevation of cytokinin level in xylem sap caused by strain IC3342.
(4) Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots of Tagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, and Holodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem of Ceanothus depressus and Phaseolus ritensis.
(5) A cDNA clone (Ptomt 1) encoding a lignin-bispecific O-methyltransferase (OMT) was isolated by immunological screening of a lambda gt11 expression library prepared from mRNA of developing secondary xylem of aspen (Populus tremuloides).
(6) Virus particles were present in all cell types of the epidermis, mesophyll, phloem, and xylem.
(7) Ultrastructural examination of leaf tissue of Nicotiana benthamiana infected with Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) revealed abnormalities in phloem and, occasionally, xylem cells.
(8) This protein is stored in xylem ray cells during the winter season and is degraded in late spring.
(9) When cells were grown in medium with only 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for a period of 5--10 subcultures and samples were transferred to the induction medium at intervals during the subcultures, the amounts of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and the number of xylem elements induced progressively declined.
(10) A photo-oxidized solution of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) is used to stain xylem parenchyma mitochondria in specimens prepared from lupin hypocotyls fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon.
(11) Likewise, the PRPs are localized in xylem vessel elements and fibers in tomato, petunia, potato and tobacco stems.
(12) This agrees with the present data, that the fluid which exudes from the xylem by applying gas pressure on the leaves is practically pure water; freezing point is rarely above 0.01 to 0.02 degrees .
(13) Occasionally BNYVV antigen was detected predominantly, but not exclusively in the xylem vessels.
(14) The xylem in the body of the haustorium of E. bidwillii has the shape of an inverted conical flask with the expanded portion being known as the vascular core.
(15) Other explanations are discussed, including a possible particularity of the infection in xylem tissue or a specific property of an unusual CaMV isolate.
(16) The bark, xylem of stem, and root of (1) Bombax malabarica DC.
(17) A biphasic pattern of gene expression and enzyme activity for OMT was observed from xylem samples of aspen during the growing season which suggests linkage between gene expression for a monolignol biosynthetic enzyme and seasonal regulation of xylem differentiation in woody plants.
(18) The former possesses the xylem fibres and tracheids with steep, tertiary spiral thickenings, while the latter possesses sclereids at stem-nodes.
(19) The bean phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene 2 (PAL2) is expressed in the early stages of vascular development at the inception of xylem differentiation, associated with the synthesis of lignin precursors.
(20) In plant pathogenesis, less specific mechanisms of pathogenesis occur: exopolysaccharides cause wilting by blocking xylem vessels, are partly responsible for water-soaked lesions, and may also aid in invasion, growth, and survival in plant tissues.