What's the difference between camphor and phorone?
Camphor
Definition:
(n.) A tough, white, aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from different species of the Laurus family, esp. from Cinnamomum camphara (the Laurus camphara of Linnaeus.). Camphor, C10H16O, is volatile and fragrant, and is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a stimulant, or sedative.
(n.) A gum resembling ordinary camphor, obtained from a tree (Dryobalanops camphora) growing in Sumatra and Borneo; -- called also Malay camphor, camphor of Borneo, or borneol. See Borneol.
(v. t.) To impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate.
Example Sentences:
(1) Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to study the heme iron in various states of cytochrome P450cam from the camphor-hydroxylating system of the bacterium Pseudomonas putida.
(2) Because of toxic effects of camphor and volatile oils on central nervous system, these compounds show no therapeutical usefullness in children.
(3) The spin state of camphor-bound cytochrome P-450 is shown to depend largely on medium and temperature in aqueous as well as in mixed organic buffer.
(4) Changes in membrane potential and temporal patterns of spikes were analyzed in 30 output cells in the salamander olfactory bulb in response to stimulation with 1-s pulses of the odorants isoamyl acetate, cineole, and camphor.
(5) Pseudomonas putida PpGl, which carries the CAM plasmid encoding enzymes involved in the degradation pathway of D-camphor, can utilize D-camphor as a sole carbon source.
(6) It is proposed that the ability of P. putida to tolerate the unusually high degree of possible gratuitous induction observed for camphor catabolism may be related to the infrequent occurrence of bicyclic ring structures in nature.
(7) This indicates that camphor binding decreases the flexibility in these three regions of the P-450cam molecule without altering the mean position of the atoms involved.
(8) A binding model which assumes two binding sites for pyridine--the iron and the camphor binding site--is able to describe completely the nonlinear Eadie plot.
(9) The specific membrane glycoproteins with high affinity for camphor and decanal were isolated from rat olfactory epithelium.
(10) To this end, S(-)-camphor-yuehchukene and R(+)-camphor-yuehchukene were synthesised and tested in three bioassay models.
(11) Derivatives of camphor and terpenes have been identified in this particular river.
(12) The synthesis of two series of N-substituted 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-(1-piperidinyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene 2-carboxamides (I d-h) and 2-carbothioamides (I i-o), as well as of some N-aryl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene 2-carboxamides (I a-c), by reaction of camphor piperidinoenamine and pyrrolidinoenamine with aryl isocyanates and isothiocyanates is described.
(13) The crystal structure of Pseudomonas putida cytochrome P-450cam in the ferric, camphor bound form has been determined and partially refined to R = 0.23 at 2.6 A.
(14) Radiomodifying effect of camphor was significantly evident during the recovery period, i.e., on day 8 after 0.5 Gy irradiation and day 6 onward after 1.0 Gy and 2.0 Gy.
(15) Oxidation of (+) camphor by cytochrome P-450soy-enriched intact cells of Streptomyces griseus resulted in the formation of one major and several minor metabolites.
(16) The identity of the major biosynthetic product as borneol was confirmed by chemical oxidation to camphor and crystallization of the derived oxime to constant specific radioactivity.
(17) The frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in mouse bone marrow exposed to gamma-irradiation was used to assess the radiomodifying effect of camphor.
(18) Mice were given repeated injections of poly I:C every three days paired with exposure to the odor of camphor for 4 hours.
(19) Although camphor's effect appeared to be greater during warming, neither effect was large.
(20) Other endodontic drugs, including disinfectants for caries cavities, sedatives for pulp, root canal disinfectants, and pulp devitalizing agents containing phenol, camphor, tricresol, formalin, and paraformaldehyde were also positive by rec-assay and would seem to potentially of damage cellular DNA in Bacillus subtilis.
Phorone
Definition:
(n.) A yellow crystalline substance, having a geraniumlike odor, regarded as a complex derivative of acetone, and obtained from certain camphor compounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) The concentration of nonprotein sulfhydryls in the nasal respiratory mucosa of phorone-injected rats was decreased to 10% of that of corn oil-injected rats.
(2) The metabolic incorporation of 3HCHO and H14CHO into DNA, RNA, and proteins in the respiratory and olfactory mucosa and bone marrow (femur) was significantly decreased, and DNA-protein crosslinking was significantly increased in the respiratory mucosa of phorone-injected relative to corn oil-injected rats at all HCHO concentrations.
(3) Phorone also produced an increase in spermidine content and a decrease in spermine content.
(4) Immunoblot analysis of microsomes isolated from phorone-treated hepatocytes did not reveal any partial proteolysis which might have accounted for the activation.
(5) This increase in enzyme activities was several-fold higher and longer lasting in rats pretreated with phorone.
(6) Moreover, unlike the depletion of hepatic GSH, brain GSH was markedly decreased by 2-cyclohexene-1-one and phorone, but not by buthionine sulfoximine.
(7) Thus, assessment of APDM activity and formaldehyde metabolism did not unequivocally establish the mechanism(s) by which CO2 evolution from aminopyrine is depressed by DEM, phorone and BSO, although low GSH is likely to impair metabolism of formaldehyde formed in liver after demethylation of aminopyrine.
(8) Animals treated with phorone exhibited decreases in lung glutathione concentration two hours after dosing and increases in lung glutathione concentration 24 hours after dosing.
(9) These observations are discussed with respect to the effects of phenobarbital, phorone and CCl4 on microsomal and cytosolic GSH-dependent enzymes involved in the metabolism of AA.
(10) There were also no significant differences in lactate dehydrogenase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) release between the control and phorone-treated livers during reperfusion after various times of ischemia.
(11) Furthermore, prior depletion of hepatic glutathione by pretreatment with phorone markedly potentiated the hepatotoxicity of o- and m-DCB, while increasing the toxicity of p-DCB to a far lesser degree.
(12) Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of diethyl maleate or phorone, agents that deplete GSH from the liver, on the oxidation of formaldehyde.
(13) Administration of phorone (diisopropylidene acetone), an industrial solvent, to mice caused a rapid depletion of hepatic glutathione, which is due to enzymatic conjugation of phorone with glutathione, mediated by cytoplasmic enzymes of the liver.
(14) Furthermore, the glutathione depletion caused by phorone does not seem to be responsible for activation per se, since other thiol depletors [e.g.
(15) However, combined pretreatments of mice with either phorone or beta-naphthoflavone and the cytochrome P-448 inhibitor 9-hydroxyellipticine resulted in an increased overall retention of radioactivity in the body.
(16) The mechanism of the protection by phorone pretreatment against ANTU-induced pulmonary toxicity is unclear.
(17) Mitochondria isolated from rats treated in vivo with diethyl maleate or phorone had a decreased capacity to oxidize either formaldehyde or acetaldehyde.
(18) Cyclohexene, cycloheptene, phorone, acetaminophen, and benzyl chloride caused mild depletion of cerebral GSH, but buthionine sulfoximine did not alter cerebral GSH levels.
(19) Unlike this agent, however, phorone did not affect the microsomal mixed-function oxidase system at all.
(20) Only the combined treatment of phorone + ferrous sulfate or BCNU caused a significant increase of the diquat-induced liver injury.