What's the difference between caprylate and octanoate?
Caprylate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of caprylic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) This procedure, which is rapid, inexpensive, and has high capacity involves the precipitation of contaminating proteins with caprylic acid followed by precipitation of immunoglobulin using ammonium sulfate.
(2) Mixed micelles of N-(alpha)- mnyristoyl-L- histidine and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide catalyze the hydrolyses of p-nitrophenyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl caprylate at much higher rates than imidazole or histidinie do.
(3) Short-chain fatty acids, such as propionic, n-butyric, n-butyric, n-valeric, isovaleric, n-caproic, and n-caprylic acids, induce alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured mammalian cells.
(4) They were acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, caprylate, palmitate, acid succinate, benzoate, nicotinate, o-hydroxybenzoate, o-acetoxybenzoate, and pivalate.
(5) For comparison, F(ab')2B purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate and uncleaved IgG purified with caprylic acid were also prepared.
(6) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from bovine serum raised against Aeromonas Salmonicida was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation (ASP) or caprylic acid treatment followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation (CAAS).
(7) However, the platelet reactivity to laser damage was not changed after administration of caprylate for 3 weeks.
(8) Fraction III obtained during large scale fractionation is used as starting material and caprylic acid for the precipitation of most proteins other than the immunoglobulins present in fraction III.
(9) Hybridomas were inoculated into mice to produce ascitic fluid from which MAb was purified by caprylic acid.
(10) The alternative substrates were: 2-deoxyglucose, glucose, fructose 1-6 diphosphate, pyruvate, lactate, acetate, butyrate, caprylate, histidine, leucine, aspartate, alanine, succinate, acetoacetone, and beta-hydroxybutyrate.
(11) These actions of caprylate on membranes are considered one possible mechanism by which it promotes the absorption of water-soluble and poorly absorbed drugs.
(12) It has been proposed that the agglutinin reacts with albumin that has been conformationally altered by sodium caprylate and that the immune complex is passively adsorbed onto red blood cells.
(13) The reaction between Fremy's salt and alpha-tocopherol (VE), ascorbic acid (VC) and its lipophilic derivatives ascorbyl-6-caprylate (VC-8), 6-laurate (VC-12) and 6-palmitate (VC-16) were studied by stopped-flow ESR spectroscopy in cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles, as a model reaction of these antioxidants with alkyl peroxy radicals in biological systems.
(14) It should also be noted that precipitation with caprylic acid is associated with a reduction in the affinity of some antibodies and is not suitable to purify murine IgA and IgG3.
(15) For this purpose the electromyographic activity was recorded in the antrum whereas the small intestine (duodenum and first part of jejunum or ileum) was perfused with various solutions including calcium propionate, tributyrin, sodium caprylate, potassium oleate, mixtures containing linoleic acid, monolein, triolein, mixture of triglycerides, and glycerol.
(16) In trial 3, a teat germicide aged at ambient temperature for 33 mo, which was originally formulated to contain 1% Lauricidin, 5% caprylic and capric acids, and 6% lactic acid, was evaluated.
(17) Based on ideal solution theory, phase diagrams are calculated for binary compositions of cholesteryl esters and compared to experimental data from pairwise combinations in a saturated acyl chain series from caprylate to arachidate, which encompasses three crystal packing motifs in the solid state.
(18) The effects of taurocholate, caprylate, and EDTA-2Na for increasing colonic pore sizes and the degree of inulin permeation were less than those of caprate, laurate, or mixed micelles.
(19) The differences become especially pronounced at the 7-C position of caprylic acid and the 6-C position of nonanoic acid, where the label is located close to the terminal methyl end of the chain.
(20) Additional administration to the animals of beta-hydroxybutyrate or caprylic acid in the postintoxication period intensified heart contractility depression.
Octanoate
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Because this transport system in the choroid plexus is normally responsible for the excretion of the serotonin metabolite from the brain to the plasma, accumulation of endogenously produced organic acids in the brain, secondary to reduced clearance by the choroid plexus, could be a contributing factor in the development of encephalopathy in children with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency who have elevated levels of octanoic acid systematically.
(2) The maximum increase in stability due to ligand binding relative to the stability of defatted albumin monomer alone occurs with the intermediate affinity ligand octanoate (22 degrees C) and not with the high affinity ligand hexadecanoate (15 degrees C).
(3) We report the effects of n-alkanols (n-butanol to n-octanol), methyl carboxylic esters (methyl propionate to methyl octanoate) and n-alkyl ketones (2-pentanone to 2-nonanone) on a fast reflex escape response to a mechanical stimulus in Gammarus.
(4) Limited pepsin digestion of human plasma albumin at pH 3.5 and 0 degrees in the presence of octanoate caused cleavage at residue 307 of the albumin molecule to yield two fragments.
(5) However, the activated level was preserved when membranes were extracted and subjected to manipulations which eliminated or decreased octanoic acid incorporation in the plasma membrane.
(6) In contrast, addition of octanoate in the presence of tetradecylglycidic acid restored gluconeogenic rates to control values.
(7) The detection of this metabolite as liberated octanoic acid, following ion-exchange chromatographic purification and mild alkaline hydrolysis, provides a straightforward diagnostic procedure for recognition of this disorder without subjecting patients to the significant risk of fasting.
(8) Unlike Escherichia coli, the two Vibrio species can directly elongate fatty acids such as octanoic (C8:0), lauric (C12:0), and myristic acid, as demonstrated by radio-gas liquid chromatography.
(9) In both tissues, the enhanced activity of this microsomal enzyme was associated with a 3-fold elevation in the rate of cholesterol synthesis from either [14C]acetate or [14C]octanoate.
(10) We have reexamined the selective effects of Na-octanoate on egg to adult viability with respect to the G6pd polymorphism using specially constructed X chromosomes.
(11) A series of 8-[(arylsulfonyl)amino]octanoic acids substituted with a pyridinylalkyl group along the chain were synthesized and tested in vitro for their ability to both antagonize the binding of thromboxane A2 to its receptors and to inhibit the thromboxane synthase enzyme.
(12) Octanoic acid was determined gas chromatographically as its methyl ester, with nonanoic acid as the internal standard.
(13) Uptake was inhibited by 1 mM nonanoic, octanoic or heptanoic acid, 0.1 mM biotin or 0.25 mM probenecid, suggesting a requirement for the terminal carboxyl group for transport.
(14) Hexanoate and octanoate inhibited the lipogenic enzyme activities at a transcriptional step, and did so within 30 min of addition.
(15) Octanoate applied to rat liver mitochondria respiring with glutamate plus malate or succinate (plus rotenone) under resting-state (State 4) conditions stimulates oxygen uptake and decreases the membrane potential, both effects being sensitive to oligomycin but not to carboxyatractyloside.
(16) A capacity for long-chain FFA oxidation became obvious when the octanoate had been used up, but the amount of these FFA in the perfusate depended preferentially on FFA being liberated from tissue lipids during the 1st day of perfusion.
(17) At 43 degrees C, ketogenesis with palmitate or octanoate decreased, while that with acetate or albumin was maintained at the same lower rates.
(18) When tested in cultured human liver Hep G2 cells the compound inhibited the incorporation of 14C-acetate and 14C-octanoate into sterols 56% and 48% respectively at 3 x 10(-6) M with no effect on fatty acid synthesis.
(19) Infusion of octanoate abolished inhibition of all three processes.
(20) An inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation, 4-pentenoic acid, similarly decreased the accumulation of these intermediates, and octanoic acid significantly lessened the fall in malate and aspartate with glucose.