(n.) A colorless crystalline substance extracted from the Capsicum annuum, and giving off vapors of intense acridity.
Example Sentences:
(1) Each subject applied a vehicle cream containing 0.075% capsaicin (Axsain, GalenPharma Inc.) to a 4 cm2 area of skin on one volar forearm and vehicle alone to an identical treatment area on the other forearm, according to a double-blind procedure.
(2) The postnatal development of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) in the urinary bladder (assayed by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry) was investigated in rats and compared with changes in the contractile response to acetylcholine, SP or capsaicin.
(3) After pretreatment of pigs with a combination of the H1- and H2-receptor antagonists terfenadine and cimetidine, the vascular and bronchial responses were strongly reduced to both histamine (by greater than 77%) and ascaris (by greater than 58%), but not to capsaicin aerosol.
(4) Capsaicin inhibited the contraction induced by the direct electrical stimulation of the innervated tissues in the presence of tetrodotoxin but not of the surgically denervated tissues.
(5) Sensitivity of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) to capsaicin was investigated in different arterial and venous tissues (mesenteric, renal and femoral artery and vein and carotid artery and jugular vein) of the rat.
(6) The effects of capsaicin (CAP) on membrane properties, action potentials (APs) and outward membrane currents were investigated using the single electrode current and voltage clamp.
(7) The excitatory cardiovascular response to capsaicin in acute spinal rats was markedly reduced by bilateral section of pelvic but not hypogastric nerves.
(8) Animals were killed 12 h after the last injection of saline or OXY, and 72 h after spantide or capsaicin.
(9) The effect of the drugs on respiratory resistance (Rrs), measured using a forced oscillation technique, was measured both before and after the inhalation of a dose of capsaicin which caused less than two coughs.
(10) These effects of capsaicin were resistant to vagotomy.
(11) We review the toxicity of capsaicin and comment briefly on the use of hot peppers in child abuse.
(12) Yet, this difference was based on the impaired noradrenergic counterregulation in capsaicin-pretreated rats, because both groups showed identical responses to captopril following guanethidine-induced adrenergic blockade.
(13) In the present study the long-term effect of topically applied capsaicin on the pain threshold was monitored.
(14) Pretreatment of skin with capsaicin dramatically inhibited the histamine-induced flare response but had no effect on nicotine-induced axon reflex sweating.
(15) Pretreatment of the iris with 20 micrograms of recombinant enkephalinase (neutral endopeptidase; EC 3.4.24.11) totally abolished the contractile response to substance P. Injection of 10 micrograms of capsaicin into the anterior chamber of atropine-treated rabbit eyes in vivo induced an immediate and intense miosis.
(16) In control rats low doses of capsaicin selectively excited mechano-heat sensitive cutaneous nociceptors (polymodal C fiber nociceptors and MH-A delta nociceptors).
(17) The mitochondrial swelling was confirmed to be a specific change produced by capsaicin treatment by the examination of different fixation conditions in both control and capsaicin-treated materials.
(18) In conclusion, ruthenium red selectively inhibits the capsaicin, resiniferatoxin and citric acid-induced excitation of the sensory nerves as revealed by calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity release, bronchoconstriction and coughing, suggesting that these agents share a common mechanism of action.
(19) The "first-phase" is blocked by hexamethonium or atropine and the "second-phase" is eliminated by capsaicin pretreatment.
(20) It is concluded that lowering of the pH induces a Ca2(+)-dependent release of CGRP-LI from capsaicin-sensitive nerves in the guinea-pig urinary bladder.
Capsicum
Definition:
(n.) A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent, biting taste, and when ground form the red or Cayenne pepper of commerce.
Example Sentences:
(1) Police used capsicum spray in the protests that saw UPF, Reclaim Australia , Rally Against Racism and United Against Islamophobia holding separate protests and clashing with each other.
(2) Ten pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) inbred lines were successfully differentiated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients.
(3) Police lines were about to be breached which required police to use [capsicum] spray,” she said.
(4) Capsaicin is a pungent irritant present in peppers of the Capsicum family.
(5) Three TLC methods of qualitative screening of capsicum products are described.
(6) The variations in pharmacokinetic and bioavailability parameters are discussed in accordance with the mechanisms of action of capsaicin, an active compound present in capsicum fruit.
(7) The present official first action method for ground capsicums, 44.123, was adopted in 1945 and there have been great changes in processing and examination of spices since that time.
(8) When evaluated by questionnaire, 13 (59 percent) of the Capsicum-exposed workers reported cough as compared to 4 (21 percent) of the nonexposed workers (p less than 0.05).
(9) The estimation of total capsaicinoids by any simple, reliable method is shown to be adequate for quality control of pungency of Capsicum fruits.
(10) Capsicums, as a spice, have been known since the beginning of civilization and historically associated with the discovery of the New World.
(11) gamma-Tocopherol methyltransferase was solubilized and purified from Capsicum chromoplast membranes by a combination of standard fractionation techniques.
(12) Inositol sphingophospholipids that protect pepper (Capsicum annuum c.v. Yolo Wonder) against pathogen have been isolated by chromatographic methods from the mycelium of Phytophthora capsici.
(13) Another 2 species, paprica (Capsicum frutescens) and radish (Raphanus sativus var.
(14) The 14 species found infected were: Capsicum annuum, C. praetermissum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicandra physaloides, Physalis angulata, Solanum sp., S. americanum, S. concinnum, S. diflorum, S. erianthum, S. gilo, S. robustum, S. variable and S. viarum.
(15) Capsaicin is an alkaloid found in capsicum peppers and produces desensitization to noxious thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli when applied topically.
(16) Some protesters wore face masks and protective glasses on Saturday to guard against capsicum spray.
(17) The Capsicums, among the spices, are second only to black pepper in trade both in volume and value.
(18) Cell cultures of Capsicum frutescens (green) metabolized progesterone to delta4-pregnene-20alpha-ol-3-one in very high yield, and Vinca rosea yielded delta4-pregnene-20beta-ol-3-one and delta4-pregnene-14alpha-ol-3,20-dione.
(19) From the pungent chilli, of interest also to pharmaceuticals, to the colorful paprika and the bell capsicums with its remarkable aroma, the genus has been of great interest for its chemistry and physiological action.
(20) Cysteine synthase (O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase) has been purified to homogeneity from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit chromoplasts.