(n.) Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring spirits, gravies, etc.
(n.) A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or square of tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and flavor.
Example Sentences:
(1) the colours: Allura red AC, erythrosine, canthaxanthin and the caramels; three anti-oxidants: BHA, BHT and the gallates; the sweeteners: polyols, aspartame, saccharin and cyclamates.
(2) A former Socialist party leader, he is a jovial, wise-cracking believer in consensus politics, who aides say never loses his rag and who so hates fights that he was once nicknamed "the marshmallow" within his own party, or "Flanby", after a wobbly caramel pudding.
(3) Even the nickname given to him of Monsieur Flanby, after a caramel pudding, over his perceived wobbly political views, lost its relevance as he elaborated his programme.
(4) In this study, representatives of all four classes of caramel colour were tested for genotoxic potential in the Ames test, some of the caramel colours being tested both with and without a pre-incubation stage.
(5) Cut each fig in half and place cut-side down in the caramel.
(6) There were no deaths in any of the groups fed Caramel Colour II.
(7) For this test, cultures of CHO cells were exposed to the two caramel colours and metaphase preparations from these cultures examined for evidence of chromosomal aberrations.
(8) (Don't be tempted to touch or taste the caramel as it will be extremely hot.)
(9) An overview of the chemical characterization and specifications of the four classes of caramel colour, the historical development of the four classes, and the methods of manufacture is presented.
(10) This paper uses caramel in soft drinks as an example.
(11) Specifications have been developed to define each of the four classes of caramel colour.
(12) The colour fraction that was non-permeable to a 10,000-Da porosity membrane, contained 84% of the colour, 22% of the solids and 24% of the radioactivity of the [14C]Caramel Colour IV.
(13) A method for the determination or 4-methylimidazole in caramel color, based on cationic separation of the sample by capillary isotachophoresis, is described.
(14) Really ramping up that contrast in flavours is a newer trend, however; when M&S first introduced salted caramels in 2006, they were a flop.
(15) If the pH value in the ACD or in the ACD-AG storage solution is enhanced, the glucose in the autoclaving with undergo a caramelizing process.
(16) 2 Carefully pour the hot caramel over the orange slices and leave to cool.
(17) There is nothing like hand-churned buckets of the good stuff laced with ribbons of salt caramel or frozen fresh fruit coulis.
(18) Twenty three UK commercially produced ammonia caramels and eight experimentally produced ammonia caramels have been analysed by a range of physical and chemical tests, which include solids content, nitrogen levels, colour intensity and pH.
(19) In the course of isolation anthocyanins, carmine, betanin, caramel and riboflavin are separated from synthetic dyes, as well as from one another, with the exception of first two, which are separated from one another by chromatography or distinguished by oxidation.
(20) Results from both the cytogenetics assay in vitro, using CHO cells, and the mouse lymphoma assay indicated that there was some genotoxic activity associated with Caramel Colour I but only in the absence of S-9 and at very high dose levels.
Mammal
Definition:
(n.) One of the Mammalia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The high amino acid levels in the cells suggest that these cells act as inter-organ transporters and reservoirs of amino acids, they have a different role in their handling and metabolism from those of mammals.
(2) Ernst Reissner studied the formation of the inner ear initially using the embryos of fowls, then the embryos of mammals, mainly cows and pigs, and to a less extent the embryos of man.
(3) The binaural characteristics of cells in MSO were different from those in nonecholocating mammals.
(4) The findings support our earlier suggestion that the kinetics of spermatogenesis in the quail are fundamentally similar to the pattern which has been described for mammals.
(5) So far, attempts to produce linolenic acid deficiency in mammals have not revealed an absolute requirement for n-3 fatty acids.
(6) Somewhat surprisingly then, in view of the mechanisms in mammals, birds do not seem to use this seasonal message in the photoperiodic control of reproduction.
(7) This indicates a functional relationship between material supplied via the rapid phase of axonal transport and an unimpaired transsynaptic signal transmission, previously not revealed in the central nervous system of mammals.
(8) Nucleus z in the rat was found to be similar in location to nucleus z in other mammals.
(9) Phyla as diverse as insects, birds, and mammals possess distinct HRAS and KRAS sequences, suggesting that these genes are essential to metazoa.
(10) The presence in lamprey kidney of a loop which is similar to Henle's loop in mammals and birds indicates that the development of the system of osmotic concentration conditioned by the formation in the kidney of the medulla and from a sharp increase in renal arterial blood supply.
(11) Investigations carried out in Pavlodar Province have shown that 7 species of ixodid ticks, Ixodes crenulatus, I. lividus, I. persulcatus, I. laguri laguri, Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus, Haemaphysalis concinna, and one brought species, Hyalomma asiaticum, parasitize domestic animals and wild mammals.
(12) Ecologic studies of small mammals in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) were conducted in 1974 in order to identify the specific habitats within the Lower Montane Forest that support Colorado tick fever (CTF) virus.
(13) Dictated by underlying physicochemical constraints, deceived at times by the lulling tones of the siren entropy, and constantly vulnerable to the vagaries of other more pervasive forms of biological networking and information transfer encoded in the genes of virus and invading microorganisms, protein biorecognition in higher life forms, and particularly in mammals, represents the finely tuned molecular avenues for the genome to transfer its information to the next generation.
(14) It encodes a homeobox gene closely related to the developmentally regulated homeotic genes of flies and mammals.
(15) Based on the fact that all hibernators, at their regulated minimal body temperature, display a uniform turnover rate, related to body weight, the hypothesis is developed that cold tolerance of mammals is generally limited by a common specific minimal metabolic rate, which larger organisms, because of their lower basal metabolism, already attain in less profound hypothermia.
(16) Based on morphological, virological, biochemical and molecular biological data, it is proposed that the presence of endogenous retrovirus particles in the placental cytotrophoblasts of many mammals is indicative of some beneficial action provided by the virus in relation to cell fusion, syncytiotrophoblast formation and the creation of the placenta.
(17) Thus, the possibility exists that androgen secretion in some chelonian systems may exhibit a high degree of LH specificity like that of mammals and birds.
(18) Chlorinated ethylenes are metabolized in mammals, as a first step, to epoxides.
(19) This agrees with previous ultrastructural observations that, in small mammals, neither basement membranes nor large connective tissue spaces are found inside enteric ganglia.
(20) In recent studies, we have found that Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc residues are abundant on red cells and nucleated cells of nonprimate mammals, prosimians, and New World monkeys, but their expression is diminished in Old World monkeys, apes, and humans.