What's the difference between carbamide and carbimide?
Carbamide
Definition:
(n.) The technical name for urea.
Example Sentences:
(1) All of the patients achieved acceptable steady state concentrations for serum creatinine and carbamide.
(2) In contrast to creatininium the carbamide continued decreasing in this time interval.
(3) The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the role of one oxygenating agent, carbamide peroxide in glycerol solution, in the prevention and control of periodontal disease.
(4) Pharmaceuticals capable of exerting selective inhibition of coagulation factor-XIIIa*-like enzyme activity were further classified as competitive inhibitors of phase 1 (carbamide) or phase 2 (terminal amine) of the transglutamination process.
(5) We found that hydrogen peroxide bleached more quickly than carbamide although, after a period of six weeks, the results were the same as far as whitening was concerned.
(6) A trypanocidal drug suramin [hexasodium sym-bis(m-amino-benzoyl-m-amino-p-methylbenzoyl-1-naphthylamino-4, 6, 8-trisulfonate)carbamide] was found to be a potent inhibitor of the activities of DNA primase and polymerase alpha from human KB cells.
(7) A preliminary double-blind controlled trial was carried out in 8 patients with active chronic psoriasis, whose lesions were more or less bilaterally symmetrical, to assess the efficacy of topical treatment with 0.1% dithranol in a specialized carbamide (17% urea) base.
(8) Ten percent carbamide peroxide solutions used in numerous studies have demonstrated tissue-healing properties as well as a propensity for the reduction of plaque and gingivitis.
(9) Some of these carbamides, which showed higher protection against carrageenan-induced edema, were further evaluated for their antigranulation effect against cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats.
(10) Although a previous SEM study showed that home bleaching with 10 percent carbamide peroxide does not cause such surface changes, the results of our study indicate that carbamide peroxide bleaching reduces the shear bond strength of composite to etched enamel.
(11) Free H2O2 and carbamide peroxide readily enter the pulp through the coronal wall of the tooth.
(12) In a scanning electron microscope study evaluating the effects of a 10% carbamide peroxide gel on stained enamel and dentin, no surface morphologic changes were observed after 72 hours of contact with the bleaching gel.
(13) This article describes a case in which carbamide peroxide home bleaching was used to enhance the appearance of an internally bleached, endodontically treated tooth.
(14) These data indicate that 10 percent and 15 percent carbamide peroxide bleaching gels are cytotoxic and that carbamide peroxide is the component responsible for this cytotoxic effect.
(15) It was shown previously that epileptic patients receiving a high average dose of anticonvulsants (containing a carbamide group) have lower biotin concentrations than those receiving a low dose.
(16) Carbamide caused a regular and uniform opening of the enamel prisms of the surface while hydrogen peroxide produced more severe superficial destruction with the appearance of patterning similar to the acid etching, and the presence of some crystalline areas emerging from the body of the prisms.
(17) Several 1-substituted acetyl-3-aryl carbamides selectively inhibited nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) dependent oxidation of alpha-keotoglutarate and beta-hydroxybutyrate by rat brain homogenates.
(18) All carbamides (1 mM) inhibited (5--90%) in vitro activity of rat brain monoamine oxidase.
(19) In healthy test persons a single dose of 1.5 g bromisovalerianyl carbamide has no demonstrable influence on the system of hemostasis.
(20) All carbamides showed a poor degree of protection against granuloma formation.
Carbimide
Definition:
(n.) The technical name for isocyanic acid. See under Isocyanic.
Example Sentences:
(1) In a crossover design experiment, we investigated the elimination kinetics of ethanol and acetaldehyde during the calcium carbimide (CC)-alcohol flush reaction.
(2) Ingestion of calcium carbimide caused a significant elevation in blood acetaldehyde (p less than 0.001) and ethanol (p less than 0.05) levels, but acetaldehyde did not influence platelet aggregation or TXB2 formation.
(3) However, calcium carbimide per se significantly (p less than 0.05) elevated TXB2 formation.
(4) Absorption was not complete, the oral bioavailability being 53 per cent and 70 per cent for the 0.3 and 1 mg kg-1 carbimide dose, respectively.
(5) However, calcium carbimide per se elevated TXB2 production (p less than 0.05).
(6) Ingestion of calcium carbimide caused significant elevations in blood acetaldehyde (p less than 0.001) and ethanol (p less than 0.05) levels, but acetaldehyde did not influence platelet aggregability or the aggregation-associated TXB2 formation.
(7) The alcohol-sensitizing drugs disulfiram and calcium carbimide are often used in the treatment of alcohol problems with the hope of reducing alcohol consumption.
(8) A pharmacokinetic study of carbimide, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, used as an adjuvant in the aversive therapy of chronic alcoholism, has been carried out in male human volunteers for intravenous and oral administration.
(9) Blood pressure was not significantly influenced by ethanol at the calcium carbimide dose we used.
(10) Fifty-six alcoholic subjects who participated in a clinical trial of the short-acting alcohol sensitizing drug, citrated calcium carbimide, were randomly assigned to: (i) a Physician Advice condition in which subjects took the drug within a context designed to reinforce the medical management of their drinking problem; and (ii) a Relapse Prevention condition in which subjects were instructed to pair use of the drug with planned entry into high risk drinking situations and to gradually reduce reliance on the drug by developing alternative coping behaviour patterns.
(11) The effects of chronic ethanol administration on the metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde were studied in rats fed on a commercial diet containing an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, calcium cyanamide (calcium carbimide), as a contaminant in the calcinated bone-meal fraction of the diet.
(12) Calcium carbimide, which caused the largest increase in blood acetaldehyde levels following ethanol injections, was the least effective in reducing ethanol consumption, whereas FLA-63, which had a smaller effect on blood acetaldehyde levels, was the most potent suppressor of ethanol ingestion.
(13) We studied ADP-induced platelet aggregation, associated thromboxane B2 (TXB2) formation, urinary excretion of the prostacyclin metabolite 2,3-dinor-6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF1 alpha) and formation of malondialdehyde in 10 healthy volunteers after ingestion of a small dose of ethanol (0.25 g per kg of body weight) and calcium carbimide (50 mg).
(14) One group received cyanamide and the other one calcium carbimide.
(15) The results with these two independent methods of analysis were compared in experiments with and without calcium carbimide pretreatment.
(16) These include antimicrobials, such as isoniazid, ethambutol, ethionamide, nitrofurantoin, and metronidazole; antineoplastic agents, particularly vinca alkaloids; cardiovascular drugs, such as perhexiline and hydrallazine; hypnotics and psychotropics, notable methaqualone; antirheumatics, such as gold, indomethacin, and chloroquine; anticonvulsants, particularly phenytoin; and other drugs, including disulfiram, calcium carbimide, and dapsone.
(17) After oral administration of 1 and 1.5 mg kg-1 of carbimide, elimination half-life values were 75 and 61 min, respectively, being higher than the corresponding value obtained after 0.3 mg kg-1 doses, i.e.
(18) The order of intensity of the interaction with regard to the calcium carbimide pretreatment time interval was 4 greater than 8 approximately 12 greater than 24 h. Using the criterion of heart rate above 100 as indicative of the calcium carbimide-ethanol interaction, the onset was 0.13, 0.25, 0.25 and 0.38 h for the 4-, 8-, 12- and 24-h pretreatment experiments and the duration of the interaction was 1.6, 1.0, 1.0 and 0.12 h, respectively.
(19) By contrast, ingestion of calcium carbimide per se may enhance TXB2 formation.
(20) The medicine commonly used in Spain contains plain cyanamide, while Temposil used in Canada and Dipsan used in Scandinavia contain its calcium form (calcium carbimide).