(n.) One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose, C6H12O6.
Example Sentences:
(1) Samples are hydrolyzed with Ba (OH)2, and the hydrolysate is passed through a Dowex-50 column to remove the salts and soluble carbohydrates.
(2) The presence of O-glycosidic linkages between carbohydrate and protein in the DF3 antigenic site was further supported by the presence of NaBH4-sensitive sites.
(3) Estimations of the degree of incorporation of 14C from the radioactive labeled carbohydrate into the glycerol and fatty acid moieties were carried out.
(4) Mechanisms by which a defect in the synthesis of dolichol-oligosaccharides might alter the degree of beta-1,6 branching in N-linked carbohydrates are discussed.
(5) We investigated the possible contribution made by oropharyngeal microfloral fermentation of ingested carbohydrate to the generation of the early, transient exhaled breath hydrogen rise seen after carbohydrate ingestion.
(6) Forty-five enteropathogenic (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-like) strains isolated in commercial rabbit farms were subdivided into four biotypes with the help of six carbohydrate fermentation tests, ornithine decarboxylase tests, and motility tests.
(7) The patients had a high AP, consumed more alcohol, were more well-fed, older and consumed more refined carbohydrates per 1 kg bw and less cholesterol and vegetable protein.
(8) With both approaches, carbohydrate and fat had little influence whereas egg albumin had a significant inhibitory effect on the absorption of nonheme iron.
(9) Nine other close relatives had disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, including gestational diabetes mellitus and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus progressing to insulin use.
(10) There were no relationships between blood pressure and calorie-adjusted intakes of fats, carbohydrates, sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium.
(11) Hybridomas were selected on the basis of solid-phase reactivity with the purified native A transferase, cell immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation of transferase activity, and absence of reactivity with blood group ABH carbohydrate determinants.
(13) The addition of sodium bicarbonate to gum containing sorbitol markedly enhanced its capacity to cause and maintain an elevation of interproximal plaque pH previously lowered by exposure to fermentable carbohydrate.
(14) The effects of lowering the temperature from 25 degrees C to 2-8 degrees C on carbohydrate metabolism by plant cells are considered.
(15) Mean run time and total ST time were faster with CE (by 1.4 and 1.2 min) although not significantly different (P less than 0.06 and P less than 0.10) from P. Subjects reported no significant difference in nausea, fullness, or stomach upset with CE compared to P. General physiological responses were similar for each drink during 2 h of multi-modal exercise in the heat; however, blood glucose, carbohydrate utilization, and exercise intensity at the end of a ST may be increased with CE fluid replacement.
(16) The amino acid sequence of the carbohydrate-binding peptide of CSA-I was determined to be DTYFGKTYNPW using a gas-phase protein sequencer.
(17) Characterization of the components released by alkaline hydrolysis indicated that O-glycosylated hydroxylysine residues are nonenzymatically N-glycated to the same extent as those without an enzymatically attached carbohydrate unit.
(18) Acid production by carbohydrate fermentation increases urease production by Klebsiella: pH 4 is the most convenient pH for urease synthesis by these bacteria.
(19) GC using the capillary columns proved suitable for mapping of the carbohydrate profile of human seminal fluid and for the analyses of organic compounds accumulating in human adipose tissue.
(20) Such cell-staining capacities of the carbohydrate directed antibodies imply the importance of glycoconjugate carbohydrates as cancer cell phenotypes.
Glycogen
Definition:
(n.) A white, amorphous, tasteless substance resembling starch, soluble in water to an opalescent fluid. It is found abundantly in the liver of most animals, and in small quantity in other organs and tissues, particularly in the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar when boiled with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the action of amylolytic ferments.
Example Sentences:
(1) They are capable of synthesis and accumulation of glycogen and responsible for its transfer to sites of more intense metabolism (growth, bud, blastema).
(2) Our results show that large complex lipid bodies and extensive accumulations of glycogen are valuable indicators of a functionally suppressed chief cell in atrophic parathyroid glands.
(3) Kinetic analysis showed that the activators did not affect the Km for glycogen synthase D, for either enzyme.
(4) The amount of intracellular, iodophilic, glycogen-like polysaccharide (IPS) present in cells of two strains of Streptococcus mutans at various stages of growth in a chemically defined medium was determined by quantitative electron microscopy.
(5) The volume density of glycogen granules in hepatocytes was highest 4 hr after the secretory granules of B cells showed the lowest value.
(6) It is suggested the participation of glycogen (starch) in the self-oscillatory mechanism of the futile cycle formed by the phosphofructokinase and fructose bisphosphatase reactions may give rise to oscillations with the period of 10(3)-10(4) min, which may serve as the basis for the cell clock.
(7) A more accurate fit of T1 data using a modified Lipari and Szabo approach indicates that internal fast motions dominate the T1 relaxation in glycogen.
(8) Glycogen, lipid, basal lamina, and canaliculi were present in all cases.
(9) To understand the control mechanisms involved in the regulation of fetal glycogen, we have studied the effect of in utero fetal decapitations on glycogen metabolism in rabbit fetal heart, lung, and liver.
(10) In the electron microscope large aggregates of beta glycogen particles were seen in the cytoplasm of sporoplasm cells in mature spores.
(11) Steep longitudinal and transverse gradients of glycogen are known to exist in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig, with preferential accumulation in the outer hair cells of the apical turns.
(12) The infected flight muscle fibres of both "resistant" Aedes aegypti and "susceptible" Aedes togoi are almost totally devoid of glycogen granules, but show no other ultrastructural change from the uninfected state.
(13) During heavy exercise at 65-75% of VO2 max, time till exhaustion correlates with the pre-exercise muscle glycogen concentration and exhaustion coincides with empty glycogen stores.
(14) Astrocytes showed a transitional swelling, later followed by an accumulation of glycogen and filaments.
(15) A 17-year-old boy who had been treated for insulin-dependent diabetes since age 2, and for coeliac disease since age 6, presented a major growth retardation (-6 SD), a delayed puberty and a hepatomegaly with excessive glycogen storage (Mauriac's syndrome).
(16) An abrupt decrease of the liver glycogen was found as well as a negligible rise of the blood sugar.
(17) Glycogen content of the rabbit vastus lateralis muscle was also significantly depleted after exhaustive, intermittent exercise.
(18) Aridanin and bayluscide produced significant reductions in the glycogen content of B. glabrata, but a significant decrease in the protein content of the snails was not apparent until after 4 weeks of continuous exposure.
(19) Rats that were subjected to restraint stress for 18 h were found to have reduced myocardial glycogen and blood sugar levels and showed histological changes in heart and adrenals.
(20) To understand the complex control relationships of these three signals as they affect the liver, their individual dynamic influences have been determined experimentally, and the findings have been integrated by means of a computer simulation of the pathways of hepatic glycogen metabolism.