(n.) An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite.
Example Sentences:
(1) Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, volumes, and temperatures of expired gas were measured from the tracheal and esophageal tubes.
(2) Biochemical, immunocytochemical and histochemical methods were used to study the effect of chronic acetazolamide treatment on carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes in the rat kidney.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Ethanol and L-ethionine induce acute steatosis without necrosis, whereas azaserine, carbon tetrachloride, and D-galactosamine are known to produce steatosis with varying degrees of hepatic necrosis.
(5) Heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (V), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured.
(6) Given Australia’s number one position as the worst carbon emitter per capita among major western nations it seems hardly surprising that islanders from Fiji, Samoa, Vanuatu and other small island developing states have been turning to Australia with growing exasperation demanding the country demonstrate an appropriate response and responsibility.
(7) 4) Parents imagined that fruit drinks, carbonated beverages and beverages with lactic acid promoted tooth decay.
(8) This capacity is expressed during incubation of the bacteria with the substrate and needs a source of carbon and other energy metabolites.
(9) The disappearance of the herbicide, Avadex (40% diallate), from five agricultural soils (differing in either pH, carbon content, or nitrogen content), incubated under sterile and non-sterile conditions, was followed for a period of 20 weeks.
(10) Environment groups Environment groups that have strongly backed low-carbon power have barely wavered in their opposition to nuclear in the last decade, although their arguments now are now much about the cost than the danger it might pose.
(11) Cultured cells from fourth to ninth passage showed positive labelling for S 100 protein, carbonic anydrase (CAA), glutamine synthetase (GS), alpha cristallin (alpha C) and polyclonal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody, but were negative for both monoclonal GFAP antibody and also for Muller cells in the retina.
(12) They argue that the US, the world's largest producer of greenhouse gases per capita (China recently surpassed us in sheer volume), needs to lead the fight to limit carbon emissions, rather continuing to block global treaties as it has done in the past.
(13) Thin layers of carbon (20 microns) and vacuoles (30 microns) suggested a large temperature gradient along the tissue ablation front.
(14) Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility, carbon monoxide in expired air (CO), serum gammaglutamyl-transferase (GGT), and total cholesterol were compared in equal-sized, age-matched samples of healthy middle-aged males born in 1921, 1934-1936, and 1946 attending the ongoing preventive medical population program in Malmö.
(15) The disappearance of ribosomes in Escherichia coli cells starved for a carbon source was studied.
(16) It was shown that the levels of ATP and ADP in the mycelium depended on the carbon source: the maximum and minimum ATP concentrations were found on the glucose and acetate media respectively, the maximum and minimum ADP concentrations showed inverse dependence.
(17) The mechanism by which such high levels were attained was primrily a combination of arterial hypoxia and a high carbon monoxide yield from tobacco.
(18) Nick Robins, head of the Climate Change Centre at HSBC, said: "If you think about low-carbon energy only in terms of carbon, then things look tough [in terms of not using coal].
(19) Immediately prior to and at maximal workloads, carbon monoxide shifted into extravascular spaces and returned to the vascular space within five minutes after exercise stopped.
(20) The purity and configuration of each isomer of the free acid and N-chloroacetylated derivative were ascertained by: (a) paper chromatography in five solvent systems, (b) elemental analysis, (c) Van Slyke nitrous acid determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (d) Van Slyke ninhydrin determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (e) optical rotation.
Dodecane
Definition:
(n.) Any one of a group of thick oily hydrocarbons, C12H26, of the paraffin series.
Example Sentences:
(1) Isoeugenol fails to elicit a sensitisation response when challenged onto guinea pigs sensitised to methyl dodecane sulphonate, indicating that the mechanism of isoeugenol sensitisation is not based on methyl transfer.
(2) On this basis, we had predicted that the C18 and C20 homologues would be more active than the better known dodecane.
(3) The translational diffusion coefficients of n-dodecane in a cubic phase with 6 mol water per mol DOPC, and in an HII phase with 48 mol water per mol DOPC, were just approximately 2.5 times lower than in pure dodecane.
(4) This latter observation indicates that a large fraction of the dodecane molecules is located in separate regions between the water cylinders.
(5) A high potency DC-12-producing mutant 91 which showed slight growth both in DC-12 and n-dodecane enrichment media was isolated.
(6) Cells grow on dodecane and hexadecane and their primary alcohol and monoic acid derivatives.
(7) When Pseudomonas C12B is grown on nutrient broth to the stationary phase, cell extracts contain two secondary alkylsulphatases (S1 and S2) active towards potassium decan-5-yl sulphate but not towards potassium pentan-3-yl sulphate and one primary alkylsulphatase (P1) active towards sodium dodecan-1-yl sulphate (sodium dodecyl sulphate).
(8) Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric assessment of the lung tissue failed to reveal polyacrylamide activity, although assessment of the suspending solvent of the polyacrylamide showed a pattern characteristic of an aliphatic hydrocarbon mixture with a prominent dodecane peak.
(9) Cells grown on n-tridecane or n-tetradecane yielded small amounts of acids homologous to the carbon source, but a similar correlation was not noted for n-decane, n-undecane, or n-dodecane.
(10) The ordering profiles for the ordered n-alkane as determined from the quadrupole splittings for different segments along the chain are similar to those described earlier for n-hexane, n-octane and n-dodecane, suggesting that the restricted motions undergone by the n-alkanes of chain length from 6 to 19 are basically similar.
(11) Primary pharmacological and electrophysiological screening procedures were carried out on the aromatic polycyclic amine 3-hydroxy-4-benzyl-4-azahexacyclo[5.4.1.0(2,6).0(3,10).0(5,9).0(8, 11]- dodecane (NGP 1-01).
(12) This was evidenced by tentative identifications of the following alcohols and ketones from oxidation of the hydrocarbons: tetradecan-2-ol, dodecan-1-ol, tetradecan-2-one, and tetradecan-4-one from n-tetradecane, and tetradecen-4-ol, 13-tetradecen-4-ol, tetradecen-3-ol, 13-tetradecen-4-one, and tetradecen-3-one from 1-tetradecene.
(13) Among n-alkanes cell yield decreased as chain length increased, except for n-dodecane, which supported less growth than n-tridecane or n-tetradecane.
(14) The sclerosant effect of injected tetradecyl sulfate of sodium (STS) and hydroxy polyethoxy dodecan (HPD) was studied in the rat femoral vein.
(15) Certain new nonionogenic detergents which are hydroxy-polyethoxy-derivatives of dodecane show in vitro bacteriostatic action as related to gram-positive microorganisms.
(16) A new compound, AF3 (4-ethyl-6-oxa-1-azatricyclo)4.2.2.02,7)dodecan-5-one), and its 4-phenyl analogue, AF6, embodying the structural elements of acetylcholine in a highly rigid framework, were shown to evoke nicotine-like responses in the nictitating membrane (NM) and blood pressure when applied to the superior cervical ganglion in anaesthetized cats.
(17) Mixtures of egg phosphatidylcholine and phosphonic acid diethyl or dibutyl esters of the general type RP(O)(OR')2 with R = hexane or dodecane were studied at room temperature in the fluid lamellar state by X-ray and by neutron diffraction.
(18) A single dose of 50 mg dodecane induced no increase in the number of interfollicular cell layers or epidermal thickness, nor any observable inflammation, 6-144 h after application.
(19) Focal organizing pneumonia was marked at 96 h in rats treated with petroleum distillate, at 72 h in those treated with polyacrylamide, and at 24 h in those treated with dodecane.
(20) To confirm that this alteration caused the altered kinetic properties of AK-20, we reverted the AK-20 luxA gene by oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis to the wild-type sequence and found that the resulting enzyme is indistinguishable from the wild-type luciferase with respect to quantum yield, FMNH2 binding affinity, and intermediate IIA decay rates with 1-octanal, 1-decanal, and 1-dodecanal.