(n.) An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite.
Example Sentences:
(1) Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, volumes, and temperatures of expired gas were measured from the tracheal and esophageal tubes.
(2) Biochemical, immunocytochemical and histochemical methods were used to study the effect of chronic acetazolamide treatment on carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes in the rat kidney.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Ethanol and L-ethionine induce acute steatosis without necrosis, whereas azaserine, carbon tetrachloride, and D-galactosamine are known to produce steatosis with varying degrees of hepatic necrosis.
(5) Heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (V), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured.
(6) Given Australia’s number one position as the worst carbon emitter per capita among major western nations it seems hardly surprising that islanders from Fiji, Samoa, Vanuatu and other small island developing states have been turning to Australia with growing exasperation demanding the country demonstrate an appropriate response and responsibility.
(7) 4) Parents imagined that fruit drinks, carbonated beverages and beverages with lactic acid promoted tooth decay.
(8) This capacity is expressed during incubation of the bacteria with the substrate and needs a source of carbon and other energy metabolites.
(9) The disappearance of the herbicide, Avadex (40% diallate), from five agricultural soils (differing in either pH, carbon content, or nitrogen content), incubated under sterile and non-sterile conditions, was followed for a period of 20 weeks.
(10) Environment groups Environment groups that have strongly backed low-carbon power have barely wavered in their opposition to nuclear in the last decade, although their arguments now are now much about the cost than the danger it might pose.
(11) Cultured cells from fourth to ninth passage showed positive labelling for S 100 protein, carbonic anydrase (CAA), glutamine synthetase (GS), alpha cristallin (alpha C) and polyclonal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody, but were negative for both monoclonal GFAP antibody and also for Muller cells in the retina.
(12) They argue that the US, the world's largest producer of greenhouse gases per capita (China recently surpassed us in sheer volume), needs to lead the fight to limit carbon emissions, rather continuing to block global treaties as it has done in the past.
(13) Thin layers of carbon (20 microns) and vacuoles (30 microns) suggested a large temperature gradient along the tissue ablation front.
(14) Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility, carbon monoxide in expired air (CO), serum gammaglutamyl-transferase (GGT), and total cholesterol were compared in equal-sized, age-matched samples of healthy middle-aged males born in 1921, 1934-1936, and 1946 attending the ongoing preventive medical population program in Malmö.
(15) The disappearance of ribosomes in Escherichia coli cells starved for a carbon source was studied.
(16) It was shown that the levels of ATP and ADP in the mycelium depended on the carbon source: the maximum and minimum ATP concentrations were found on the glucose and acetate media respectively, the maximum and minimum ADP concentrations showed inverse dependence.
(17) The mechanism by which such high levels were attained was primrily a combination of arterial hypoxia and a high carbon monoxide yield from tobacco.
(18) Nick Robins, head of the Climate Change Centre at HSBC, said: "If you think about low-carbon energy only in terms of carbon, then things look tough [in terms of not using coal].
(19) Immediately prior to and at maximal workloads, carbon monoxide shifted into extravascular spaces and returned to the vascular space within five minutes after exercise stopped.
(20) The purity and configuration of each isomer of the free acid and N-chloroacetylated derivative were ascertained by: (a) paper chromatography in five solvent systems, (b) elemental analysis, (c) Van Slyke nitrous acid determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (d) Van Slyke ninhydrin determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (e) optical rotation.
Gasification
Definition:
(n.) The act or process of converting into gas.
Example Sentences:
(1) Various liquid-liquid extraction methods and column chromatographic separations have been applied to crude products and effluents from oil-shale, coal-liquefaction, and coal-gasification processes.
(2) Resuscitation methodology was found to give increased counts over the standard Membrane Filtration method in the enumeration of fecal coliforms exposed to a coal gasification and two oil shale process waters under certain but not all conditions studied.
(3) In the short term, ENN's advanced underground coal gasification technology is likely to prove more significant than its algae work.
(4) Compared to the reference population who received medical care in the same clinic, gasification workers had a lower skin cancer rate, but a higher rate of benign skin tumors and potentially pre-cancerous skin diseases.
(5) No significant increases in mean concentrations of nickel were found in urine samples from workers who performed grinding, buffing and polishing of nickel-containing alloys or workers in a coal gasification plant who employed Raney nickel as a hydrogenation catalyst.
(6) In 15 years of commercial operation of the coal gasification plant, seven workers were diagnosed with benign skin tumors, six with pre-cancerous skin diseases, but none with skin cancer.
(7) China is keen to get international help to reduce the price of silicon processing for solar panels and to develop ultra-efficient coal gasification plants.It is already collaborating with the UK on a project to capture carbon dioxide.
(8) Nowadays we have considered to initiate oral vaccination of foxes and at the same time to avoid poisoning because of its environmental effects, and gasification because of its low effectiveness.
(9) A further development of the coal gasification process will result in an increase of the amount of coal gasification slag (CGS).
(10) The effect of coal gasification condensates on RAM function varied, but in general these tests also indicated that the CL response was the most sensitive indicator.
(11) Being one of the simplest forms of life, all it takes is light and CO2 in salt water," The advanced algae, solar and coal gasification technology is the latest stage in the rise of ENN, which has been spectacular even by modern Chinese standards.
(12) Planning of coal hydrogenation processes, such as liquifaction and gasification, requires consideration of public health implications.
(13) The metal mixture (MM) used in these experiments was ash (slag) from a coal gasification plant.
(14) Lastly, there is the so-called underground coal gasification now proposed for – among other places – an area beneath Swansea Bay in west Wales, which involves the partial burning of subterranean coal deposits.
(15) chlorhexidini SR before taking the impression and a 60 minutes formaldehyde gasification of plaster casts also resulted in an essential reduction of the number of germs, too.
(16) Cadmium metabolism in the young and in conditions of dietary contamination with ash from coal gasification were investigated.
(17) The cytotoxicities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) subclasses isolated from a complex organic mixture (coal gasification condensate) were studied in vitro in Chinese hamster ovary cells, in the presence of rat liver microsomes from animals pretreated with Aroclor.
(18) A complex mutagenic basic fraction of a coal gasification process tar was successively fractionated using cation exchange and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
(19) Now Nissan is understood to be seeking to build its own gasification plant to provide low-cost energy at the Washington site, a development that would deepen its roots in the north-east.
(20) The Microtox assay and various parameters (growth, ATP concentration and electrochemical detection) of Escherichia coli were used to assess the toxicity of various levels of granular activated carbon treated coal gasification process water.