(n.) An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite.
Example Sentences:
(1) Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, volumes, and temperatures of expired gas were measured from the tracheal and esophageal tubes.
(2) Biochemical, immunocytochemical and histochemical methods were used to study the effect of chronic acetazolamide treatment on carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes in the rat kidney.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Ethanol and L-ethionine induce acute steatosis without necrosis, whereas azaserine, carbon tetrachloride, and D-galactosamine are known to produce steatosis with varying degrees of hepatic necrosis.
(5) Heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (V), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured.
(6) Given Australia’s number one position as the worst carbon emitter per capita among major western nations it seems hardly surprising that islanders from Fiji, Samoa, Vanuatu and other small island developing states have been turning to Australia with growing exasperation demanding the country demonstrate an appropriate response and responsibility.
(7) 4) Parents imagined that fruit drinks, carbonated beverages and beverages with lactic acid promoted tooth decay.
(8) This capacity is expressed during incubation of the bacteria with the substrate and needs a source of carbon and other energy metabolites.
(9) The disappearance of the herbicide, Avadex (40% diallate), from five agricultural soils (differing in either pH, carbon content, or nitrogen content), incubated under sterile and non-sterile conditions, was followed for a period of 20 weeks.
(10) Environment groups Environment groups that have strongly backed low-carbon power have barely wavered in their opposition to nuclear in the last decade, although their arguments now are now much about the cost than the danger it might pose.
(11) Cultured cells from fourth to ninth passage showed positive labelling for S 100 protein, carbonic anydrase (CAA), glutamine synthetase (GS), alpha cristallin (alpha C) and polyclonal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody, but were negative for both monoclonal GFAP antibody and also for Muller cells in the retina.
(12) They argue that the US, the world's largest producer of greenhouse gases per capita (China recently surpassed us in sheer volume), needs to lead the fight to limit carbon emissions, rather continuing to block global treaties as it has done in the past.
(13) Thin layers of carbon (20 microns) and vacuoles (30 microns) suggested a large temperature gradient along the tissue ablation front.
(14) Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility, carbon monoxide in expired air (CO), serum gammaglutamyl-transferase (GGT), and total cholesterol were compared in equal-sized, age-matched samples of healthy middle-aged males born in 1921, 1934-1936, and 1946 attending the ongoing preventive medical population program in Malmö.
(15) The disappearance of ribosomes in Escherichia coli cells starved for a carbon source was studied.
(16) It was shown that the levels of ATP and ADP in the mycelium depended on the carbon source: the maximum and minimum ATP concentrations were found on the glucose and acetate media respectively, the maximum and minimum ADP concentrations showed inverse dependence.
(17) The mechanism by which such high levels were attained was primrily a combination of arterial hypoxia and a high carbon monoxide yield from tobacco.
(18) Nick Robins, head of the Climate Change Centre at HSBC, said: "If you think about low-carbon energy only in terms of carbon, then things look tough [in terms of not using coal].
(19) Immediately prior to and at maximal workloads, carbon monoxide shifted into extravascular spaces and returned to the vascular space within five minutes after exercise stopped.
(20) The purity and configuration of each isomer of the free acid and N-chloroacetylated derivative were ascertained by: (a) paper chromatography in five solvent systems, (b) elemental analysis, (c) Van Slyke nitrous acid determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (d) Van Slyke ninhydrin determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (e) optical rotation.
Nonane
Definition:
(n.) One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons C9H20 of the paraffin series; -- so called because of the nine carbon atoms in the molecule. Normal nonane is a colorless volatile liquid, an ingredient of ordinary kerosene.
Example Sentences:
(1) Mannich bases derived from a number of substituted acetophenones and propiophenones and 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane have been evaluated for antitussive activity.
(2) The most potent compound of the series, 3-(3-azabicyclo[2.2.2]nonan-3-yl)-4'-benzyloxy-2-methyl propiophenone, also exhibited antimorphine activity.
(3) The synthesis of a new series of N,N'-disubstituted 6,7-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane derivatives is described.
(4) These ranges (expressed as mmHg vapour pressure at 25 degrees C) can be defined approximately as 140 (methylcyclopentane)-0.65 (n-undecane) for charcoal, 5.1 (n-nonane)-0.000061 (n-docosane) for polyurethane foam and 29 (toluene)-0.000029 (n-eicosane) for the CLST.
(5) Maximum increases in maximum penetration rates of 6.5-fold (n-nonane) and 8.2-fold (n-nonanol) were determined.
(6) The three radioactive metabolites were identified by combined g.l.c.-mass spectroscopy as the unchanged parent ester, nonan-1-ol-5-sulphate and nonanoate-5-sulphate.
(7) The concentrations of the C9 hydrocarbons n-nonane, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexane were measured in rat blood, brain and perirenal fat after exposures to 1000 p.p.m.
(8) Hippocampal brain slices were incubated with depolarizing agents or excitatory amino acids either alone or in the presence of excitatory amino acid antagonists [omega-phosphonic alpha-aminocarboxylic acids--2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (AP4), 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), or 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP7)--or gamma-D-glutamylaminomethylsulphonic acid (GAMS)] or a calcium-channel blocker, (S)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylaza-7-cyano-7-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl )-8-methyl- nonane hydrochloride [(-)-D888].
(9) Three ring beta-secoestradiols, 2alpha,3beta- and 2beta,3beta-2-ethyl-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-6beta-methyl-trans-bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7beta-ols, have been synthesized and some of them shown to possess significant antiimplantation activity in rats.
(10) The same metabolites were produced by isolated rat livers perfused with potassium nonan-5-[35S]sulphate.
(11) Hydrogen peroxide, another product of PC ozonation, did not induce hemolysis; however, a combination of H2O2 and nonanal was significantly more hemolytic than nonanal alone.
(12) Formation of diol 18 from oxirane 17 was accompanied by formation of 2-oxa-4-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 19.
(13) The saturated analogue nonanal is a poor substrate and only a small proportion of it is converted to the alcohol.
(14) Cells cultured on nonane, the only odd-numbered alkane tested, contained both odd- and even-chain fatty acids.
(15) The diazabicycloalkyl side chains investigated at the 7-position (benzoxazine 10-position) include (1S,4S)-5-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (2), (1S,4S)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (3), (1R,4R)-5-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (4), 8-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (5), 9-methyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane (6), 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (7), 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (8), and 9-methyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9).
(16) ]nonane monohydrochloride) was investigated in a variety of experimental arrhythmic models.
(17) The effects of an in vitro bradycardic agent without negative inotropism, KC 8857 (3,7-di-(cyclopropylmethyl)-9,9-tetramethylene-3,7-diazabicyclo-[3.3.1]- nonane dihydrochloride), were tested in chronically instrumented dogs in a model of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.
(18) Nonanal did not significantly impair the tubulin characteristics in the cells, despite the fact that it has been shown to be active on the purified microtubular system; benzaldehyde was ineffective.
(19) The metabolism of potassium nonan-5-[35S]sulphate, a symmetrical secondary alkylsulphate ester, was investigated in the rat.
(20) The pseudophrynamine class (3a-prenyl pyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles) are unique to this genus of frogs of the family Myobatrachidae, while the pumiliotoxin-A class (8-hydroxy-8-methyl-6-alkylidene-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonanes) also occur in dendrobatid frogs of the genera Dendrobates, Epipedobates, and Minyobates, in ranid frogs of the genus Mantella, and in bufonid toads of the genus Melanophryniscus.