What's the difference between carbon and pentadecane?
Carbon
Definition:
(n.) An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite.
Example Sentences:
(1) Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, volumes, and temperatures of expired gas were measured from the tracheal and esophageal tubes.
(2) Biochemical, immunocytochemical and histochemical methods were used to study the effect of chronic acetazolamide treatment on carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes in the rat kidney.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Ethanol and L-ethionine induce acute steatosis without necrosis, whereas azaserine, carbon tetrachloride, and D-galactosamine are known to produce steatosis with varying degrees of hepatic necrosis.
(5) Heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (V), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured.
(6) Given Australia’s number one position as the worst carbon emitter per capita among major western nations it seems hardly surprising that islanders from Fiji, Samoa, Vanuatu and other small island developing states have been turning to Australia with growing exasperation demanding the country demonstrate an appropriate response and responsibility.
(7) 4) Parents imagined that fruit drinks, carbonated beverages and beverages with lactic acid promoted tooth decay.
(8) This capacity is expressed during incubation of the bacteria with the substrate and needs a source of carbon and other energy metabolites.
(9) The disappearance of the herbicide, Avadex (40% diallate), from five agricultural soils (differing in either pH, carbon content, or nitrogen content), incubated under sterile and non-sterile conditions, was followed for a period of 20 weeks.
(10) Environment groups Environment groups that have strongly backed low-carbon power have barely wavered in their opposition to nuclear in the last decade, although their arguments now are now much about the cost than the danger it might pose.
(11) Cultured cells from fourth to ninth passage showed positive labelling for S 100 protein, carbonic anydrase (CAA), glutamine synthetase (GS), alpha cristallin (alpha C) and polyclonal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody, but were negative for both monoclonal GFAP antibody and also for Muller cells in the retina.
(12) They argue that the US, the world's largest producer of greenhouse gases per capita (China recently surpassed us in sheer volume), needs to lead the fight to limit carbon emissions, rather continuing to block global treaties as it has done in the past.
(13) Thin layers of carbon (20 microns) and vacuoles (30 microns) suggested a large temperature gradient along the tissue ablation front.
(14) Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility, carbon monoxide in expired air (CO), serum gammaglutamyl-transferase (GGT), and total cholesterol were compared in equal-sized, age-matched samples of healthy middle-aged males born in 1921, 1934-1936, and 1946 attending the ongoing preventive medical population program in Malmö.
(15) The disappearance of ribosomes in Escherichia coli cells starved for a carbon source was studied.
(16) It was shown that the levels of ATP and ADP in the mycelium depended on the carbon source: the maximum and minimum ATP concentrations were found on the glucose and acetate media respectively, the maximum and minimum ADP concentrations showed inverse dependence.
(17) The mechanism by which such high levels were attained was primrily a combination of arterial hypoxia and a high carbon monoxide yield from tobacco.
(18) Nick Robins, head of the Climate Change Centre at HSBC, said: "If you think about low-carbon energy only in terms of carbon, then things look tough [in terms of not using coal].
(19) Immediately prior to and at maximal workloads, carbon monoxide shifted into extravascular spaces and returned to the vascular space within five minutes after exercise stopped.
(20) The purity and configuration of each isomer of the free acid and N-chloroacetylated derivative were ascertained by: (a) paper chromatography in five solvent systems, (b) elemental analysis, (c) Van Slyke nitrous acid determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (d) Van Slyke ninhydrin determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (e) optical rotation.
Pentadecane
Definition:
(n.) A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, (C15H32) found in petroleum, tar oil, etc., and obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from the fifteen carbon atoms in the molecule.
Example Sentences:
(1) Recoveries of n-paraffins added to 55 g oyster at a level of 0.36 ppm ranged from 80% for normal pentadecane to 100% for n-paraffins over 18 carbon atoms.
(2) Exposure of these cells to the methyl ketone, pentadecan-2-one, results in a marked decrease in the primary alcohol content with the secondary alcohol, pentadadecan-2-ol, becoming the major alcohol present.
(3) The observation that the ethyl ketone, hexadecan-3-one, also inhibits cell growth but at higher concentrations than that observed with pentadecan-2-one and that pentadecan-2-o1 at similar concentrations has no effect on cell growth indicates that, for optimal effect, the keto function must be at the 2-position.
(4) The effect of inclusion of trace amounts of pentadecan-2-one in the incubation medium on the growth of HeLa Cells was evaluated by measuring viable cell counts (cells excluding trypan blue) and incorporation of [14C] leucine into acid precipitable protein.
(5) Cholesterol biosynthesis was stimulated by cell culture in lipid depleted medium and was inhibited by pentadecane-2-one which acts mainly at two post-HMG-CoA steps: lanosterol demethylation and lathosterol isomerisation to cholesterol.
(6) This change in lipid composition is associated with a significant decrease in growth rate that is proportional to the log of the pentadecan 2-one concentration of the incubation medium.
(7) Neutral lipid, phospholipid, and cell residue fatty acids were qualitatively and quantitatively determined for M. cerificans grown on nutrient broth, tetradecane (C(14)), pentadecane (C(15)), hexadecane (C(16)), and heptadecane (C(17)), respectively.
(8) This inhibition is relieved by simultaneously incubating the cells with a long chain primary alcohol, hexadecan-1- o1, but not with the secondary alcohol, pentadecan-2-o1.
(9) Pentadecan-2-one added to the culture medium apparently gains entrance to the cell since both pentadecan-2-one and pentadecan-2-ol were detected in the ketone-treated cells and their culture medium.
(10) Normal alkanes (e.g., n-pentadecane) are degraded, after terminal oxidation, by the beta-oxidation system operational in fatty acid catabolism.
(11) Simultaneous exposure of the bacteria to pentadecan-2-one and a mixture of primary alcohols results in a partial relief of the growth inhibition observed with the ketone alone.
(12) A parallel pentadecane-2-one inhibition of cell growth was also observed, even when cells were cultured in the presence of whole serum.
(13) Starting from pentadecane-1,15-diol and rac-glycerol-1,2-acetonide, a convergent synthesis of 1-O-[16'-2H3]hexadecyl and 1-O-[18'-2H3]octadecyl rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine and their acetyl derivatives is described.
(14) Inhibition of cell growth by pentadecan-2-one is not unique to HeLa cells, as suggested by the inhibitory effects of this lipid type on the growth of other malignant cell lines of human origin.
(15) These observations indicate that pentadecan-2-one inhibits the formation of primary alcohols that are important for normal growth of this bacterium.
(16) The hydrocarbon degradation rate could be doubled by the addition of sophorose lipids as biosurfactants in a model system containing 10% soil and a 1.35% hydrocarbon mixture of tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecene, 1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexane, pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) phenyldecane and naphthalene suspended in mineral salts medium.
(17) In heart mitochondria the stress induced a decrease in the content of capric, lauric, myristic and pentadecanic acids.
(18) When these cells are incubated with pentadecan-2-ol alone, growth is unaffected.
(19) HeLa cells exposed to trace amounts of pentadecan-2-one showed changes in metabolism of 1(-14)C-palmitate.
(20) When offered separately, the highest utilization of n-alkanes by the organism was obtained in the range of undecane to octadecane; n-pentadecane was poorly utilized.