(n.) An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite.
Example Sentences:
(1) Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, volumes, and temperatures of expired gas were measured from the tracheal and esophageal tubes.
(2) Biochemical, immunocytochemical and histochemical methods were used to study the effect of chronic acetazolamide treatment on carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes in the rat kidney.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Ethanol and L-ethionine induce acute steatosis without necrosis, whereas azaserine, carbon tetrachloride, and D-galactosamine are known to produce steatosis with varying degrees of hepatic necrosis.
(5) Heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (V), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured.
(6) Given Australia’s number one position as the worst carbon emitter per capita among major western nations it seems hardly surprising that islanders from Fiji, Samoa, Vanuatu and other small island developing states have been turning to Australia with growing exasperation demanding the country demonstrate an appropriate response and responsibility.
(7) 4) Parents imagined that fruit drinks, carbonated beverages and beverages with lactic acid promoted tooth decay.
(8) This capacity is expressed during incubation of the bacteria with the substrate and needs a source of carbon and other energy metabolites.
(9) The disappearance of the herbicide, Avadex (40% diallate), from five agricultural soils (differing in either pH, carbon content, or nitrogen content), incubated under sterile and non-sterile conditions, was followed for a period of 20 weeks.
(10) Environment groups Environment groups that have strongly backed low-carbon power have barely wavered in their opposition to nuclear in the last decade, although their arguments now are now much about the cost than the danger it might pose.
(11) Cultured cells from fourth to ninth passage showed positive labelling for S 100 protein, carbonic anydrase (CAA), glutamine synthetase (GS), alpha cristallin (alpha C) and polyclonal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody, but were negative for both monoclonal GFAP antibody and also for Muller cells in the retina.
(12) They argue that the US, the world's largest producer of greenhouse gases per capita (China recently surpassed us in sheer volume), needs to lead the fight to limit carbon emissions, rather continuing to block global treaties as it has done in the past.
(13) Thin layers of carbon (20 microns) and vacuoles (30 microns) suggested a large temperature gradient along the tissue ablation front.
(14) Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility, carbon monoxide in expired air (CO), serum gammaglutamyl-transferase (GGT), and total cholesterol were compared in equal-sized, age-matched samples of healthy middle-aged males born in 1921, 1934-1936, and 1946 attending the ongoing preventive medical population program in Malmö.
(15) The disappearance of ribosomes in Escherichia coli cells starved for a carbon source was studied.
(16) It was shown that the levels of ATP and ADP in the mycelium depended on the carbon source: the maximum and minimum ATP concentrations were found on the glucose and acetate media respectively, the maximum and minimum ADP concentrations showed inverse dependence.
(17) The mechanism by which such high levels were attained was primrily a combination of arterial hypoxia and a high carbon monoxide yield from tobacco.
(18) Nick Robins, head of the Climate Change Centre at HSBC, said: "If you think about low-carbon energy only in terms of carbon, then things look tough [in terms of not using coal].
(19) Immediately prior to and at maximal workloads, carbon monoxide shifted into extravascular spaces and returned to the vascular space within five minutes after exercise stopped.
(20) The purity and configuration of each isomer of the free acid and N-chloroacetylated derivative were ascertained by: (a) paper chromatography in five solvent systems, (b) elemental analysis, (c) Van Slyke nitrous acid determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (d) Van Slyke ninhydrin determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (e) optical rotation.
Reamer
Definition:
(n.) One who, or that which, reams; specifically, an instrument with cutting or scraping edges, used, with a twisting motion, for enlarging a round hole, as the bore of a cannon, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) To induce the periodontitis, a defect was prepared with a endodontic reamer in the proximal surfaces of the upper 1st and 2nd molars of rats.
(2) Endosteal defects of variable length and involving a variable amount of the cortical wall were created with an expanding reamer in canine femurs.
(3) The apical third of the root was then ground parallel to the long axis until the distal segment of the K-reamer and the root canal appeared.
(4) Two canal instrumentation methods were used, conventional step-back preparation with K-Flex files and traditional instrumentation combining reaming with reamers and filing with K-Flex files.
(5) A used (dulled) endodontic reamer or file can be utilized as directional guide for tooth resection, because it is economical, autoclavable, and safe.
(6) Reamer argues that the social worker has a duty to warn, should disclose no more information than is necessary, and should seek authorization from a hospital review committee.
(7) The active electrode was a K-reamer n. 15 which was advanced along the canal until "Odontometer" indicated "apical constriction".
(8) A reaming defect was made, using flexible reamers to thin the cortex from the lesser trochanter distally to a site corresponding to the tip of a standard femoral component, to simulate THA after removal of a previously inserted femoral stem.
(9) Autologous bone graft is harvested from the outer iliac wing as a bone paste most easily by use of an acetabular reamer.
(10) Most lateral branches were small, 80% were the size of a #10 reamer or less, and only 3% were thicker than a #40 reamer.
(11) Temperatures in excess of 50 degrees for a duration of more than one minute were found within approximately 2 mm from the periphery of the reamer.
(12) Specialized surgical instruments used for the operation included mortising chisels with cannulated reamers, right-angled curettes, and depth-limited impactors.
(13) The distance between the tip of the reamer and the apical constriction was measured with a microscope precision of 0.125 mm.
(14) Independently of instrument (K reamer or combination K reamer and H file), irrigating solution (sodium chloride) and root canal dressing a similar degree of preparing and cleaning effectiveness of root canals was detected.
(15) Group I was mechanically prepared with reamers and files.
(16) A removable plastic collar was fixed to endocanal electrode (K-reamer) on which the exact length was signalized as apical constriction, followed by radiographic control.
(17) Endodontic reamers were contaminated with microorganisms, lased at various levels of energy, placed in Trypticase soy broth, incubated, and read for growth or no growth to determine sterility.
(18) The use of a Tompkin reamer to smooth the surface produced even deeper criss-cross grooves than the scaler, and not a satisfactory smooth surface.
(19) Two hundred seventy new files, reamers, and Hedström files from three different manufacturers were evaluated for debris and defects.
(20) This study determined whether cold treatment at -96 degrees C affected the mechanical properties of different compositions and sizes of Flexi-Post systems, various sizes of dental reamers, and external wrenches.