(n.) The radical (CO)'', occuring, always combined, in many compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl chloride, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) The rhodamine 123-induced growth inhibition was partially reversed by treating the dye-pre-exposed infected erythrocytes with the proton ionophore carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, which dissipates transmembrane proton gradients.
(2) The purity and configuration of each isomer of the free acid and N-chloroacetylated derivative were ascertained by: (a) paper chromatography in five solvent systems, (b) elemental analysis, (c) Van Slyke nitrous acid determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (d) Van Slyke ninhydrin determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (e) optical rotation.
(3) The enzyme was inhibited by thiol and carbonyl reagents.
(4) We studied the localization of carbonyl reductase (E.C.
(5) Both adiphenine.HCl and proadifen.HCl form more stable complexes, suggesting that hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl oxygen by the hydroxyl-group on the rim of the CD ring could be an important contributor to the complexation.
(6) This structure is further characterized by approaches of both the carbonyl and the furan O atoms to ring H atoms with separations which are slightly less than the sum of the relevant van der Waals radii.
(7) Cimaterol at 10-100 nM concentrations reduced cathepsin B benzyloxy-carbonyl-Arg-Arg-4-methyl-7-coumarylamide hydrolyzing activity, as well as benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-4-methyl-7-coumarylamide hydrolysis, which is a substrate for both cathepsin B and cathepsin L. Maximum effect was observed after 6-16 h treatment.
(8) An additional synthetic analog of RA, which lacks a carbonyl group at the diketopiperazine ring, exhibited the same uptake rates as ferric RA.
(9) This series of compounds includes [R-(R*,R*)]-4-[[2-[[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-methyl-1-oxo-2- [[(tricyclo[3.3.1.1] dec-2-yloxy)carbonyl]amino]propyl]amino]-1-phenylethyl]amino]- 4-oxobutanoic acid (CI-988, 1, Figure 1), the first rationally designed non-peptide antagonist of a neuropeptide receptor.
(10) Highly resolved signals are observed in the carbonyl stretching frequency region of the light-induced FTIR spectra.
(11) In compounds with other substituents that promote activity, C-6 alpha substitution with -CH3, -Cl, or -Br strongly enhances activity; -F, -OCH3, carbonyl, or the unsubstituted compound promotes weak binding; and -OC2H5, -OAc, -OCOOCH3, or -OH eliminates binding activity.
(12) Since the activity of canrenone is 38% that of spironolactone, introduction of the carbonyl group at the 15 position of canrenone resulted in a reduction in activity.
(13) Treatment with carbonyl iron reduced monocyte concentration to less than 1.2% in all donors, as measured by morphologic criteria, esterase staining and ingestion of latex particles.
(14) Our data do not support the possibility of hydrogen bonding between the 16 beta-hydroxyl of gitoxigenin and the lactone ring, previously suggested to account for the decreased activity of gitoxigenin vis à vis digitoxigenin, but, rather, suggest that the decreased activity may be due to an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyls on C-14 and C-16 and an unusual D-ring conformation which combine to alter the carbonyl oxygen of the lactone ring away from the putative active position.
(15) Accordingly, the concept that intravascular adenosine may exert some of its action on the capillary lumen was tested by coupling the agonists: N6-([aminoethylamino]carbonyl)methylphenyladenosine (ADAC) and N6-octylamine adenosine (NOA) to carboxylated latex microspheres (0.07 microns diameter); thus, insuring their intravascular confinement.
(16) Solubilities of [carbonyl-13C]triolein in phospholipid bilayer vesicles containing between 0 and 50 mol % free cholesterol, prepared by cosonication, were measured by 13C NMR.
(17) This paper reports the evaluation of five tetrahydro-beta-carboline carboxylic acids, formed from the interaction of woodsmoke carbonyls and tryptophan, for mutagenicity in the Ames test.
(18) Depletion of cells adhering to carbonyl iron led to higher ADCC activity.
(19) Similar was the cyclization which accompanied the basic hydrolysis of N-benzyl-oxycarbonyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester and of N-benzyloxy-carbonyl-L-seryl-DL-valine ethyl ester, and which resulted in the formation of L - O = C Thr-L-Phe and L - O = C Ser-DL-Val, respectively.
(20) In the binary complex with enzyme, the positions of the resonances of oxaloacetate are shifted relative to those of the free ligand as follows: C-1 (carboxylate), -2.5 ppm; C-2 (carbonyl), +4.3 ppm; C-3 (methylene), -0.6 ppm; C-4 (carboxylate), +1.3 ppm.
Divalent
Definition:
(a.) Having two units of combining power; bivalent. Cf. Valence.
Example Sentences:
(1) Binding is inhibited by divalent and trivalent cations (Cd2+ and La3+ being most potent) and other calcium channel drugs (1,4 dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines).
(2) Although GTP most potently inhibited [125I]beta h-endorphin binding in the presence of sodium, inhibition of [125I]beta h-endorphin binding by GTP was also observed in the presence of the monovalent cations lithium and potassium, but not the divalent cations magnesium, calcium, or manganese.
(3) When the concentration of Ca2+ in the medium was raised to 10 mM was the only extracellular divalent cation present, the depolarization in response to A23187 was increased to 11-8 mV.
(4) Protons and divalent cations show synergistic effects on the destabilization of liposomes composed of unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine and oleic acid (Düzgünes et al., Biochemistry (1985) 24, 3091).
(5) The enzyme is active over a wide range of pH, does not require divalent cations, and is inhibited by sulfhydryl-reactive agents.
(6) In order to determine the specific action of cadmium on bone metabolism, the effect of cadmium on alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker enzyme of osteoblasts, was compared with that of other divalent heavy metal ions, i.e., zinc, manganese, lead, copper, nickel and mercury (10 microM each), using cloned osteoblast-like cells, MC3T3-E1.
(7) The sensitivity to ionic strength, divalent metal ions and polylysine of release of fluorescent markers from liposomes and of haemoglobin from intact erythrocytes has been assayed.
(8) The enzyme is quite thermoresistant in the presence of other proteins, has an optimal temperature of 60 degrees, needs monovalent cations for optimal activity, is insensitive to EDTA, and is inhibited by divalent cations; it has no associated exonuclease activity.
(9) preference of template primer and divalent metal ion, RNA- or DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, RNase H activity, and the processive mode of DNA synthesis.
(10) It can be dissociated from the spores using divalent metal chelators and will reassemble on the spores in the presence of calcium.
(11) The presence of Ca2+ in silica gel is responsible for this improved yield of prostaglandin as the divalent metal ion stabilized prostaglandin synthetase activity in a remarkable way.
(12) In view of the above findings, it was hypothesized that polyamines in general took the place of divalent cations in causing membrane stabilization.
(13) The effects of monovalent and divalent cations on the hemolytic activity of Cerebratulus lacteus toxin A-III were studied.
(14) Other divalent metal ions displace Mn2+ from the high affinity sites in the following order of effectiveness: Ca greater than Mg = Zn = Co greater than Sr greater than Ni.
(15) Parameters observed were divalent association rate constants, affinity and autoradiography of isoelectric focusing (IEF) spectra.
(16) At low concentrations, the current-voltage relations are inwardly rectifying, but they become more ohmic if a small amount of divalent cations is added externally.
(17) Divalent cations (2 mM-Ni2+, 1 mM-Ba2+ or 2 mM-Ca2+) reduced only the outward current in the Tris Na(+)-free solution, while in the 150 mM-Na+ solution, they reduced both the inward and outward components of the current which had a reversal potential of around -10 mV.
(18) Cs (IC50 = 5-6 mM) prevented toxin binding, as did the divalent cations Ba and Ca (IC50 = 4-6 and 9-13 mM, respectively).
(19) Similar results were obtained in studies with the intact divalent radiolabelled Leu3a antibody.
(20) After renaturation of polypeptides, the gel was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP and divalent cations.