What's the difference between carbonyl and imide?

Carbonyl


Definition:

  • (n.) The radical (CO)'', occuring, always combined, in many compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl chloride, etc.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The rhodamine 123-induced growth inhibition was partially reversed by treating the dye-pre-exposed infected erythrocytes with the proton ionophore carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, which dissipates transmembrane proton gradients.
  • (2) The purity and configuration of each isomer of the free acid and N-chloroacetylated derivative were ascertained by: (a) paper chromatography in five solvent systems, (b) elemental analysis, (c) Van Slyke nitrous acid determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (d) Van Slyke ninhydrin determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (e) optical rotation.
  • (3) The enzyme was inhibited by thiol and carbonyl reagents.
  • (4) We studied the localization of carbonyl reductase (E.C.
  • (5) Both adiphenine.HCl and proadifen.HCl form more stable complexes, suggesting that hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl oxygen by the hydroxyl-group on the rim of the CD ring could be an important contributor to the complexation.
  • (6) This structure is further characterized by approaches of both the carbonyl and the furan O atoms to ring H atoms with separations which are slightly less than the sum of the relevant van der Waals radii.
  • (7) Cimaterol at 10-100 nM concentrations reduced cathepsin B benzyloxy-carbonyl-Arg-Arg-4-methyl-7-coumarylamide hydrolyzing activity, as well as benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-4-methyl-7-coumarylamide hydrolysis, which is a substrate for both cathepsin B and cathepsin L. Maximum effect was observed after 6-16 h treatment.
  • (8) An additional synthetic analog of RA, which lacks a carbonyl group at the diketopiperazine ring, exhibited the same uptake rates as ferric RA.
  • (9) This series of compounds includes [R-(R*,R*)]-4-[[2-[[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-methyl-1-oxo-2- [[(tricyclo[3.3.1.1] dec-2-yloxy)carbonyl]amino]propyl]amino]-1-phenylethyl]amino]- 4-oxobutanoic acid (CI-988, 1, Figure 1), the first rationally designed non-peptide antagonist of a neuropeptide receptor.
  • (10) Highly resolved signals are observed in the carbonyl stretching frequency region of the light-induced FTIR spectra.
  • (11) In compounds with other substituents that promote activity, C-6 alpha substitution with -CH3, -Cl, or -Br strongly enhances activity; -F, -OCH3, carbonyl, or the unsubstituted compound promotes weak binding; and -OC2H5, -OAc, -OCOOCH3, or -OH eliminates binding activity.
  • (12) Since the activity of canrenone is 38% that of spironolactone, introduction of the carbonyl group at the 15 position of canrenone resulted in a reduction in activity.
  • (13) Treatment with carbonyl iron reduced monocyte concentration to less than 1.2% in all donors, as measured by morphologic criteria, esterase staining and ingestion of latex particles.
  • (14) Our data do not support the possibility of hydrogen bonding between the 16 beta-hydroxyl of gitoxigenin and the lactone ring, previously suggested to account for the decreased activity of gitoxigenin vis à vis digitoxigenin, but, rather, suggest that the decreased activity may be due to an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyls on C-14 and C-16 and an unusual D-ring conformation which combine to alter the carbonyl oxygen of the lactone ring away from the putative active position.
  • (15) Accordingly, the concept that intravascular adenosine may exert some of its action on the capillary lumen was tested by coupling the agonists: N6-([aminoethylamino]carbonyl)methylphenyladenosine (ADAC) and N6-octylamine adenosine (NOA) to carboxylated latex microspheres (0.07 microns diameter); thus, insuring their intravascular confinement.
  • (16) Solubilities of [carbonyl-13C]triolein in phospholipid bilayer vesicles containing between 0 and 50 mol % free cholesterol, prepared by cosonication, were measured by 13C NMR.
  • (17) This paper reports the evaluation of five tetrahydro-beta-carboline carboxylic acids, formed from the interaction of woodsmoke carbonyls and tryptophan, for mutagenicity in the Ames test.
  • (18) Depletion of cells adhering to carbonyl iron led to higher ADCC activity.
  • (19) Similar was the cyclization which accompanied the basic hydrolysis of N-benzyl-oxycarbonyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester and of N-benzyloxy-carbonyl-L-seryl-DL-valine ethyl ester, and which resulted in the formation of L - O = C Thr-L-Phe and L - O = C Ser-DL-Val, respectively.
  • (20) In the binary complex with enzyme, the positions of the resonances of oxaloacetate are shifted relative to those of the free ligand as follows: C-1 (carboxylate), -2.5 ppm; C-2 (carbonyl), +4.3 ppm; C-3 (methylene), -0.6 ppm; C-4 (carboxylate), +1.3 ppm.

Imide


Definition:

  • (n.) A compound with, or derivative of, the imido group; specif., a compound of one or more acid radicals with the imido group, or with a monamine; hence, also, a derivative of ammonia, in which two atoms of hydrogen have been replaced by divalent basic or acid radicals; -- frequently used as a combining form; as, succinimide.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) An analysis of the copper absorption observed with the oxidized enzyme and a comparison with that for Cu(II)(imid)4 suggests that the copper is not simply ligated to four imidazoles.
  • (2) Comparative studies on the biodegradability of amides and imides are presented.
  • (3) Deamidation of Asn residues can occur either by direct hydrolysis of the Asn residue or via a cyclic imide intermediate.
  • (4) This inhibition was not observed when 5'-adenosine(beta, gamma-imide) triphosphate blocks inhibition by ATP.
  • (5) In contrast, the equilibrium and kinetic properties of proline imide bond isomerization, believed to be involved in the slow folding reactions, are largely independent of pH.
  • (6) All the other drugs enhanced aggressive behaviour to varying degrees but proved to be less potent than IMID in inducing mounting, and clonidine reduced mounting at all the doses tested.
  • (7) Carbodi-imide inhibited the cellulase, and kinetic analysis indicated that there was an average of 1 mol of carbodi-imide binding to the cellulase during inactivation.
  • (8) This study also highlights the importance of internal cross-link formation, which can occur by intramolecular nucleophilic attack, a process that has often been overlooked by investigators employing carbodi-imide modification of carboxylate groups in proteins.
  • (9) A chemiluminescent aryl acridinium ester was synthesized which possesses an imidate ester group capable of reacting with proteins under mild conditions.
  • (10) The haem group was identified as a site of reaction with the carbodi-imide, and is as a consequence covalently linked to the peptide by a bond in addition to the thioether bonds normally present.
  • (11) Naphthylhydrazides and arylhydrazides, used as the labels, were incorporated via their imidate or their succinimide esters.
  • (12) Analysis of the mass spectra of many of these showed that three side reactions can occur: (1) methylation of the imide carbonyl group; (2) addition of methanol or water to the vinyl substituent; (3) transmethylation of the ethoxycarbonyl group.
  • (13) A water-soluble carbodi-imide [1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodi-imide methotoluene-p-sulphonate], referred to as carbodi-imide reagent, and glycine methyl ester were used to modify the free carboxyl groups of the membrane.
  • (14) Inhibitors of lysosomal acidification (4,4'-di-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonate, NN'-dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, NH4Cl and methylamine hydrochloride) did not alter cystine egress or countertransport in polymorphonuclear-leucocyte lysosome-rich granular fractions at pH 7.0.
  • (15) It is concluded that dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by reacting covalently with a group on this chloroform-methanol-soluble protein.
  • (16) The structure of the pigment has been studied by chromate degradation followed by identification of the imide products by thin-layer chromatography.
  • (17) Both INDO and IMID improved effective hepatic blood flow in the septic animals to virtually sham, nonseptic levels without significantly altering systemic hemodynamics.
  • (18) Their solution stability was shown to be compromised compared to 3-methylglutarimide (3-MG) and other imides.
  • (19) the cross-linked complexes can be split at the band originating from the imidate group by treatment with ammonia.
  • (20) An amide bond was first formed between the free carboxy group of the retinoid and a primary amino group of aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B, by reaction with carbodi-imide, and the ester group of the resin-bound retinoid was then hydrolysed in an alkaline medium.

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