(n.) The anterior or cardiac orifice of the stomach, where the esophagus enters it.
Example Sentences:
(1) Two Libyan brothers with achalasia of the cardia, microcephaly, and mental retardation are described.
(2) Serum analyte results for greater than 5000 black and white men and women in the CARDIA Study showed clinically and statistically significant differences by race and sex for values of aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, and albumin; these differences were not explained by differences in age, body mass, reported ethanol intake, smoking, or oral contraceptive use.
(3) Gradually, the indications for the abdominal approach have become dominant, even if the cardia cannot be lowered.
(4) This procedure is one of the best approaches for carcinoma of gastric cardia according to our criteria.
(5) Three cases of adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus and cardia which is considered to be difficult to control by radiotherapy alone, were given radical irradiation combined with FT-207 suppository.
(6) Based on a material of 223 patients treated for cardia carcinoma the surgical problems and the results after palliative, radical and enlarged resection are discussed.
(7) Most of these functional disorders were of benign nature, including simple or complicated reflux disease of the oesophagus, achalasia of the cardia, para-oesophageal and mixed hiatus hernia, and diverticulum.
(8) During the last 10 years the authors observed 71 cases of adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia, including 7 cases of linitis plastica.
(9) They comprised 1.3% of 932 cancers of the gastric cardia treated during the same interval.
(10) The physiological parameters in healthy cardia and the cardia muscle system in achalasia did not vary significantly from one another.
(11) Nd:YAG laser therapy is an attractive palliative treatment for carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia.
(12) The former ones include cardia insufficiency, deranged bowel function, rectal syndrome, diseases of the gallbladder, pathology of the liver and pancreas; among the latter ones are essential hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases, and diabetes mellitus.
(13) We have also, since June 1983, employed a left thoracotomy approach for lesions of the gastric cardia and mid- or lower oesophagus.
(14) A weak interaction effect between smoking and vodka drinking was found for intestinal cardia cancer.
(15) Tumors of the gastroesophageal junction were not linked to H. pylori infection, nor were tumors in the gastric cardia.
(16) Palliative intubation for inoperable malignant strictures at the cardia was done on 16 occasions in 13 patients using fiberoptic endoscopy.
(17) Cholesterol levels are representative and somewhat lower blood pressures in CARDIA are probably, at least in part, due to differences in measurement methods.
(18) In 12 dogs, a Vicryl scarf was laid around the cardia; six dogs served as controls.
(19) A food bolus was found at the junction of the caudal thoracic portion of the esophagus and the cardia.
(20) Clinical features of carcinoma located at the cardia should be differentiated from carcinoma of the stomach or the esophagus.
Sphincter
Definition:
(n.) A muscle which surrounds, and by its contraction tends to close, a natural opening; as, the sphincter of the bladder.
(a.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sphincter; as, a sphincter muscle.
Example Sentences:
(1) We suggest that neuronal PACAP may serve to modulate motor activity and secretion in the lower esophageal sphincter region.
(2) Although it is known that the sphincter of Oddi exhibits a myoelectric response to intraluminal nutrients, the effect of specific dietary components has not been well characterized.
(3) Fourteen patients were examined one to four years after cricopharyngeal myotomy that had been carried out because of dysfunction of the pharyngo-esophageal sphincter.
(4) The paper postulates that 'anal or sphincter defensiveness' is one of the precursors of the repression barrier.
(5) In 36 patients plastic reconstruction of the urinary bladder, sphincter and urethra was performed with local tissues after the Young technic in the G. A. Bairov modification.
(6) 12 children (38%) showed modifications of bladder-sphincter equilibrium, without acquiring socially sufficient continence.
(7) We found that in the patient's view an adequate result requires establishment of a proper lip sphincter--either by restoring muscular tone, or by creating an anatomical framework to which can be added either a motor unit or stabilization to aid the opposite intact muscle.
(8) Extensive drainage procedures were avoided to preserve the anal sphincter.
(9) Changes in pupil size indicated a substantial cholinergic effect on the iridal sphincter musculature.
(10) The dumping-syndrome is a severe complication of gastric surgery after operations which destroy or weaken the sphincter mechanism of the pylorus.
(11) This appears to be caused by persistent reflux of gastric juice across a mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter.
(12) During phase III of the interdigestive period maximal frequency of sphincter of Oddi phasic contractions blocks bile flow into the duodenum.
(13) Preliminary electromyography showed the external sphincter to be displaced from the anus in nine patients.
(14) Using concurrent videoendoscopy and manometry, glottal and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) responses to abrupt esophageal distention by air injection (10-60 mL) and balloon distention (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 cm) were recorded simultaneously.
(15) Multiple factors contribute to the production of esophagitis in gastroesophageal reflux (GER), but the respective roles of esophageal (i. e. lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone, peristalsis) and gastric factors (i. e. acid secretion and gastric emptying) are not well known.
(16) Pyloric sphincter pressure was assessed with water-perfused polyvinyl tubes.
(17) The frequent occurrence of delayed drainage in these asymptomatic post-cholecystectomy volunteers challenges the validity of the 45-min delayed drainage criterion for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
(18) Concurrent sphincteric incontinence and organic impotence are not uncommon; they can be caused by many congenital and acquired conditions.
(19) In both normals and patients, amplitude and duration of contractions were more at 5 cm than at 10 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter.
(20) This improvement in continence was not associated with any change in sphincter pressures or in the continence to rectally infused saline but was associated with significant improvements in rectal sensation.