What's the difference between carmine and harmine?
Carmine
Definition:
(n.) A rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple.
(n.) A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color, prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature painting.
(n.) The essential coloring principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass. It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called also carminic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) Estimated by SSST, the FAFol, which employs the stool with the highest content of 51Cr corresponding to the most carmine-colored stool, correlated closely with the FAFol based on complete stool collection (r = 0.96, n = 39, p less than 0.0001).
(2) The frequency and weight of stools significantly decreased, the stools became more solid, and carmine transit time was prolonged during loperamide therapy.
(3) The antibody can be demonstrated in the microprecipitation test on live larvae in vitro and in the agglutination test with carmine-adsorbed antigen.
(4) Among the latter, there were sensitizations, to our knowledge hitherto unreported in the literature: to indigo carmine (2 cases), monensin sodium (1 case), thiabendazole (1 case), methylchlorpindol (1 case) and amprolium hydrochloride (1 case).
(5) This selective method could be valuable in microscopic and cytochemical studies on chromatin because the carmine fluorescence is stable and preparations can be dehydrated and mounted permanently without changes in the fluorescence pattern.
(6) The PAS-reaction, the staining with Best's carmine and the reaction with alizarinblue S for the proof of glycogen were positive in all blood vessels investigated.
(7) The vacuolated liver sections were qualitatively more intense than the dense sections when stained with Best's carmine.
(8) The relative standard deviation for repeated determinations of carminic acid in a commercial strawberry-flavored yogurt was 3.0%.
(9) Oral administration of carminic acid resulted in a biphasic excretion of this dye in the feces, due to coprophagy.
(10) Bagasse supplements accelerated gastrointestinal transit when measured by the carmine marker technique.
(11) Recoveries of carminic acid added to a natural-flavored yogurt ranged from 87.2 to 95.3% with a mean of 90.2%.
(12) Paraffin sections of placentas of control and of fetuses with FAS were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Best's carmine and PAS with and without diastase (saliva).
(13) Blood samples were taken on each of the last 3 d and faeces collected (using carmine markers) for the last 6 d of each diet period.
(14) The following staining reactions were applied (paraffin embedding or frozen sections): haemalum-eosin stain; PAS-reaction; Sudan III; Sudan black; Best's carmine (for details on the techniques see ROMEIS 1968).
(15) Transit time was determined by carmine and did not differ between groups.
(16) In the course of isolation anthocyanins, carmine, betanin, caramel and riboflavin are separated from synthetic dyes, as well as from one another, with the exception of first two, which are separated from one another by chromatography or distinguished by oxidation.
(17) Intestinal transit times in children less than 3 years old with gastroenteritis were measured using carmine suspension and radioopaque pellets.
(18) The results indicate that cochineal lacks carcinogenicity in mice and are consistent with those of in vitro short-term assays of cochineal and of carminic acid, an active principle of cochineal.
(19) When injected with indigo carmine, the vessels localized by the hydrogen-induced current impulses filled the entire anterior spinal artery from the low thoracic to the sacral region, whereas injection of the other vessels did not show filling.
(20) Andreotti was also accused of having ordered the murder of a rightwing journalist, Carmine Pecorelli, in 1979.
Harmine
Definition:
(n.) An alkaloid accompanying harmaline (in the Peganum harmala), and obtained from it by oxidation. It is a white crystalline substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) However, in hepatocytes from phenobarbital treated rats, where the rate of harmine metabolism is increased about five times and the main metabolite is harmol glucuronide, phenolphthalein glucuronide inhibited the formation of the conjugate with a concomitant increase in free harmol.
(2) MAO substrate specificity to tyramine, benzylamine, and serotinin along with selective inhibition by harmine, pargyline, and clorgyline were used as indices of multiple enzymic forms.
(3) Aprotinin may decrease or increase the blood-brain barrier permeability of harmine.
(4) Nomifensine reduced the intensity of harmine-induced tremor.
(5) The data suggest that the integrity of the paleostriatum is more important than that of the neostriatum for the mediation of harmine tremor and its antagonism by dopaminergic agonists.
(6) Several naturally occurring aromatic amines especially 2-carboline derivatives such as harman, norharman, harmaline, harmalol, harmine and harmol are mutagenic and become more mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium after nitrosation.
(7) The brain lesion technique was used to investigate the role of the paleostriatum and the nigro-neostriatum in harmine-induced tremor and in its antagonism by dopaminergic agonists, apomorphine, 1-dopa, piribedil, d- and l-amphetamine.
(8) Harmine (HA) induces a jumping behavior in rats when the central dopaminergic function has been activated.
(9) The brain lesion technique was used to destroy the ascending 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system at its cell bodies in the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei in order to assess the importance of 5-HT for the induction of harmine tremor and its antagonism by the dopaminergic agonists, L-DOPA, apomorphine and d-amphetamine.
(10) The beta-carboline harmine was found to facilitate lordosis behavior in ovariectomized rats primed with estradiol benzoate.
(11) The mutagenicities of other carboline derivatives such as harman, norharman, harmaline, harmalol, harmine, and harmol were studied.
(12) The partially competitive nature of inhibition by one of the more effective pairs, 2-methyl-harmine and harmine, was consistent with uptake of the beta-carbolines by the synaptosomal dopamine uptake system, as was the fact that the accumulation of 2-[14C]methyl-harmine was significantly reduced by low Na+ media and by nomifensine, a potent inhibitor of the dopamine transporter.
(13) at the peak of the harmine effect, tremors subside.
(14) In ethanol-withdrawn rats treated with harmine or LON-954 the frequency analysis of tremor revealed a narrow peak frequency at about 12 Hz, which was neither the characteristic frequency of ethanol withdrawal tremor (6 Hz) nor that of harmine or LON-954 (10 Hz).
(15) Tissue subfractionation showed that 30% of the harmine in whole brain homogenates was in the P2 fraction, and of this, 70% was located in the synaptosomes.
(16) Since harmine-induced behavioural changes in mice are reported to be mediated through central serotonergic receptors, an attempt was made to test whether 1-propranolol would also modify harmine-induced responses by virtue of its anti-serotonergic or anti-adrenergic property.
(17) In rats with lymphostatic encephalopathy harmine concentrations in brain at the termination of tremor lay in the same range as in sham-operated controls.
(18) Clonidine exhibited a dose-dependent protection against harmine-induced tremors in mice.
(19) These results suggest that harmine facilitates lordosis by enhancing activity at 5-HT2 receptors.
(20) Prior studies indicate that the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) harmine and iproniazide inhibit N-acetyltransferase activity from liver.