(n.) A proteid substance present in both the animal and the vegetable kingdom. In the animal kingdom it is chiefly found in milk, and constitutes the main part of the curd separated by rennet; in the vegetable kingdom it is found more or less abundantly in the seeds of leguminous plants. Its reactions resemble those of alkali albumin.
Example Sentences:
(1) Concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin and alpha s1-casein were measured in media and explant homogenates by radioimmunoassay, as an index of lactogenesis.
(2) Mixtures of 2 components involving kappa-casein were more readily dephosphorylated than alphas- and beta-casein mixtures.
(3) Human growth hormone stimulated the casein secretion to the same extent as prolactin.
(4) Histochemical and immunocytochemical staining of the outgrowths with reagents that depict epithelial, myoepithelial, and lactating alveolar cells (peanut lectin alone, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to rat caseins) indicate similar cell compositions and arrangements for all outgrowths irrespective of their source; these are also similar to the mammary glands of the perphenazine-stimulated or lactating hosts.
(5) The current studies suggest that the autochthonous mammary tumor cells, independent of estrogen for cell growth, were still inducible for casein gene expression in vitro and in vivo by appropriate hormones.
(6) Of the two chymosin fragments of kappa-casein, glycomacropeptide was an inhibitor but p-kappa-casein was not.
(7) The single site of troponin T which exists in a phosphorylated state in vivo (residue Ser-1) undergoes phosphorylation by specific protein kinase (troponin T kinase) related to casein kinases II.
(8) A group of 36 young adult male wistar rats was fed a protein-free diet ad libitum for five weeks; a second group of 36 wistar rats ingested a purified isocaloric 12,5% casein diet for the same period.
(9) Pre-treatment of human neutrophils with myelin basic protein selectively inhibits the formyl-peptide-induced chemotaxis, without affecting chemotaxis evoked by casein and activated serum.
(10) One developed a toxic dilatation of the colon and responded well to a casein hydrolysate based feed.
(11) The regulatory region of the casein gene contains two different TATA signals flanking the duplication site in the promoter region.
(12) A mixture of amino acids simulating the amino acid pattern of casein was used with the same efficiency as casein.
(13) However, telolysosomes did increase temporarily at the onset of lactation and casein micelles were identified within secondary lysosomes throughout the lactation stage.
(14) Similar concentrations also increased directional movement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to both endotoxin-activated serum and hydrolyzed casein.
(15) Some deviation was noticed in the weights of kidneys and adrenals of the chlorogec acid-free casein diet.
(16) Lower peptides and amino acids in hydrolyzates of casein obtained with protosubtilin were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
(17) The loss of enzymatic activity towards casein and N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester closely correlates with the destruction of one histidyl residue.
(18) Adlloy, 0.3 g or 3 g per body weight (kg), was fed orally with the basal diet consisting of casein, sucrose, bean oil, mineral, and vitamin mixtures.
(19) The protein efficacy of the krill meat slightly decreases in the course of canned food sterilization, However, their biological value remains high, being inferior to casein but insignificantly.
(20) The results of our study show that the substitution of soy protein for casein can be of benefit in those patients who need a long-term hypocaloric diet.
Rennet
Definition:
(n.) A name of many different kinds of apples. Cf. Reinette.
(v.) The inner, or mucous, membrane of the fourth stomach of the calf, or other young ruminant; also, an infusion or preparation of it, used for coagulating milk.
Example Sentences:
(1) Free fatty acids from both coconut and corn oils reduced diet palatability and intake; those from tallow and coconut oil markedly interfered (in vitro) with rennet clotting of milk replacers.
(2) Proteolytic activities of chymosin, bovine pepsin, Mucor miehei rennet, Cryphonectria parasitica (formerly Endothia parasitica) rennet, trypsin, and chymotrypsin on kappa-casein macropeptide were measured.
(3) Variables assayed were milk pasteurization, utilization of lactic acid starter by direct application, substitution of the kid rennet by commercial calf rennet, and cheese maturation for a one-month period.
(4) Sphingomyelins were isolated from mucosal layers of bovine rennet stomach, duodenum, jejunoileum, and colon ascendens.
(5) Milk containing L. monocytogenes was coagulated with gluconic acid, HCl, or rennet, and cottage cheese curd was prepared.
(6) The PER of acid casein (3.15) and milk retentate (3.19) had the same value, whereas caseinates and rennet-casein had lower efficiency (between 2.95 and 2.57).
(7) A mixture of two similar on their specificity enzymes chymosin and bovine pepsin was isolated from rennet by the chromatography on these sorbents.
(8) beta-Caseins isolated from buffalo's and cow's milk were hydrolysed either with rennet or with microbial proteases from Mucor miehei, M. pusillus Lindt or Endothia parasitica.
(9) alphaS-Caseins were isolated from buffalo's and cow's milk and hydrolyzed with rennet, bovine pepsin, microbial proteases from Mucor miebei, Mucor pusillus Lindt, and Endotbia parasitica.
(10) Carbamylation of buffalo beta-casein was found to retard its proteolysis by all the enzymes but particularly by rennet and M. miehei protease.
(11) Proximate chemical analysis and determinations of sodium chloride and titratible acidity in milk, cheese, dry abomasum and rennet, were carried out.
(12) Whole milk sham-fed to calves exhibits immediate, sharp decreases in pH and rennet coagulation time resulting from liberation of free fatty acids by pregastric esterase.
(13) Sphingosine was the predominant base in all these fractions, and only in rennet stomach were smaller amounts of the C17 and C20 homologs present.
(14) Special test run variations of pretested assays demonstrated the possibilities to define the EBL status of dairy cattle herds up to 50 lactating cows without preparation of the bulk milk sample and up 100 after concentration of the antibodies by the rennet-ammonium sulfate method.
(15) Rennet or abomasal fluid was used as the clotting agent.
(16) Rennet powder proved to be fairly stable after a 17-month storage at 4 C. Within the same period, a crystalline chymosin solution kept at --18 C lost 30 to 50% of its activity.
(17) Taking the same weight ratio between whey and curd, the following results were obtained: a) The aflatoxin M1-distribution in whey and curd was not changed with increasing amounts of rennet, thus decreasing the renneting time at constant renneting temperatures.
(18) A microbiological screening program was instituted to search for an animal rennet substitute.
(19) We observed the levels of vitamin E in the blood serum of calves after peroral application of Combinal E (1 ml contains 20 mg of tocopherol acetate in water solution), after application through a fistula into the rennet stomach and after an intramuscular injection of Erevit (1 ml contains 300 mg of tocopherol acetate in vegetable oil).
(20) The role of milk proteins in the gelation of sterile milk concentrates, destabilization of frozen milk, rennet-clotting of milk, and stabilization of the fat emulsion in milk is also described.