(n.) A process by which reaction occurs in the presence of certain agents which were formerly believed to exert an influence by mere contact. It is now believed that such reactions are attended with the formation of an intermediate compound or compounds, so that by alternate composition and decomposition the agent is apparenty left unchanged; as, the catalysis of making ether from alcohol by means of sulphuric acid; or catalysis in the action of soluble ferments (as diastase, or ptyalin) on starch.
(n.) The catalytic force.
Example Sentences:
(1) Nucleotide, which is essential for catalysis, greatly enhances the binding of IpOHA by the reductoisomerase, with NADPH (normally present during the enzyme's rearrangement step, i.e., conversion of a beta-keto acid into an alpha-keto acid, in either the forward or reverse physiological reactions) being more effective than NADP.
(2) The physiologically important metal ion for catalysis is Mg2+; however, Mn2+ supports in vitro activity, though at a reduced level.
(3) High intensity ultrasound also enhances the heterogeneous catalysis of alkene hydrogenation by Ni powders.
(4) We support the view that catalysis by metalloenzymes may be a reflection of the chemistry of the metal ion itself as a Lewis acid, and that perhaps too much emphasis has been placed on supposed special characteristics (such as strains, "entasis") of the enzyme-metal ion association.
(5) With copper-ion catalysis, ligands inhibit competitively.
(6) Clearly the cysteines play no essential role in catalysis or cyclosporin A binding.
(7) Some mechanisms that can provide catalysis of phosphoryl transfer through a metaphosphate-like transition state are reviewed briefly.
(8) To investigate the ability of a protein to accommodate potentially destabilizing amino acid substitutions, and also to investigate the steric requirements for catalysis, proline was substituted at different sites within the long alpha-helix that connects the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal domains of T4 lysozyme.
(9) The C-terminal domain (327 amino acids) is responsible for catalysis and binds the two zinc ions, which are 2.88 A apart.
(10) Determination of the rate of CO2 production permitted the calculation of capillary blood volume, mean capillary transit time, and the degree of catalysis of CO2 reactions by carbonic anhydrase present in the lung.
(11) The species invariance of this lysine residue, number 175, and the substantial conservation of adjacent sequence support the probability for a functional role in catalysis of the lysyl epsilon-amino group.
(12) Catalysis is processive at optimum salt concentration and distributive at a higher one; camptothecin decreases the initial rate of reaction in both salt conditions, but more so at the higher one.
(13) No evidence for the participation of the fully reduced flavoprotein in catalysis could be obtained.
(14) Additional studies reported here showed that acylation of PLA2 was not necessary for catalysis or binding to the interface and that the binding of the substrate to the active site of PLA2 was not necessary for the binding of the enzyme to the interface.
(15) The UTP concentration dependence for photolabeling was the same as that for promoting catalysis.
(16) The extent catalysis of phosphodiester bond formation varied with the particular clay mineral used.
(17) Comparison of the specific activities for aniline hydroxylation and p-nitrophenol hydroxylation of individual microsomal samples from control, ethanol-pretreated and phenobarbital-pretreated animals showed a high degree of correlation (r2 = 0.98) consistent with the involvement of the same site for catalysis of these two compounds.
(18) Limited data indicates that, while enhanced thermal stability invariably results, the optimum temperature for catalysis may not change.
(19) These results suggest that two convalent intermediates, phosphoryl and malonyl enzyme, are sequentially formed in the synthesis of malonyl-coenzyme A by malonyl-coenzyme A synthetase catalysis.
(20) During catalysis in the scooting mode the enzyme does not leave the surface of the vesicle to which it is bound.
Increase
Definition:
(v. i.) To become greater or more in size, quantity, number, degree, value, intensity, power, authority, reputation, wealth; to grow; to augment; to advance; -- opposed to decrease.
(v. i.) To multiply by the production of young; to be fertile, fruitful, or prolific.
(v. i.) To become more nearly full; to show more of the surface; to wax; as, the moon increases.
(v. t.) To augment or make greater in bulk, quantity, extent, value, or amount, etc.; to add to; to extend; to lengthen; to enhance; to aggravate; as, to increase one's possessions, influence.
(v. i.) Addition or enlargement in size, extent, quantity, number, intensity, value, substance, etc.; augmentation; growth.
(v. i.) That which is added to the original stock by augmentation or growth; produce; profit; interest.
(v. i.) Progeny; issue; offspring.
(v. i.) Generation.
(v. i.) The period of increasing light, or luminous phase; the waxing; -- said of the moon.
Example Sentences:
(1) Intrathecal injection of zopiclone potentiated morphine antinociception, while the intracerebroventricular injection of zopiclone failed to enhance morphine antinociception and the intracerebroventricular injection of flumazepil to antagonize the intraperitoneal-zopiclone-induced increase in morphine antinociception.
(2) Synthesis of choline esterase on the medium with acetylcholine at a concentration of 1% was increased more than twofold upon addition of glucose at a concentration of 0.1%.
(3) It is supposed that delta-sleep peptide along with other oligopeptides is one of the factors determining individual animal resistance to emotional stress, which is supported by significant delta-sleep peptide increase in hypothalamus in stable rats.
(4) Correction for within-person variation in urinary excretion increased this partial correlation coefficient between intake and excretion to 0.59 (95% CI = 0.03 to 0.87).
(5) The significance of minor increases in the serum creatinine level must be recognized, so that modifications of drug therapy can be made and correction of possibly life-threatening electrolyte imbalances can be undertaken.
(6) Increased plasmin activity was associated with advancing stage of lactation and older cows after appropriate adjustments were made for the effects of milk yield and SCC.
(7) Technical factors that account for increased difficulty in these patients include: problems with guide catheter impaction and ostial trauma; inability to inflate the balloon with adequate guide catheter support; and need for increased intracoronary manipulation.
(8) In conclusion, in S-rats a glucose-stimulated insulin release is accompanied by an increase in IBF, but this is not observed in P-rats.
(9) Following in vitro C activation in NHS by delta IgG, the 40 KD C4d component increased markedly.
(10) The fraction of the viral dose which became cell associated was independent of the incubation temperature and increased with increasing target membrane concentration.
(11) At the early phase of the sensitization a T-cell response was seen in vitro, characterized by an increased spleen but no peripheral blood lymphocyte reactivity to T-cell mitogens at the same time as increased reactivity to the sensitizing antigen was detected.
(12) Maximum increases in portal plasma secretin concentrations of 143, 146 and 190% and maximum increases in VIP of 116, 155 and 147% after, respectively, intraduodenal 0.1 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M Na2CO3, and 0.025 M NaOH were found.
(13) These results demonstrate that increased availability of galactose, a high-affinity substrate for the enzyme, leads to increased aldose reductase messenger RNA, which suggests a role for aldose reductase in sugar metabolism in the lens.
(14) The cross sectional area of the aortic lumen was gradually decreased while the length of the stenotic lesion gradually increased by using strips with different width.
(15) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(16) Both lymph flow from cannulated pancreatico-duodenal lymphatics and intralymphatic pressure in the non-transected ones increased significantly.
(17) Increased dietary protein intake led to increased MDA per nephron, increased urinary excretion of MDA, and increased MDA per milligram protein in subtotally nephrectomized animals, and markedly increased the glutathione redox ratio.
(18) It has been generally believed that the ligand-binding of steroid hormone receptors triggers an allosteric change in receptor structure, manifested by an increased affinity of the receptor for DNA in vitro and nuclear target elements in vivo, as monitored by nuclear translocation.
(19) However, four of ten young adult outer arm (relatively sun-exposed) and one of ten young adult inner arm (relatively sun-protected) fibroblasts lines increased their saturation density in response to retinoic acid.
(20) Addition of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom led to a significant increase in the activity of guanylate cyclase in various rat organs.