(n.) A process by which reaction occurs in the presence of certain agents which were formerly believed to exert an influence by mere contact. It is now believed that such reactions are attended with the formation of an intermediate compound or compounds, so that by alternate composition and decomposition the agent is apparenty left unchanged; as, the catalysis of making ether from alcohol by means of sulphuric acid; or catalysis in the action of soluble ferments (as diastase, or ptyalin) on starch.
(n.) The catalytic force.
Example Sentences:
(1) Nucleotide, which is essential for catalysis, greatly enhances the binding of IpOHA by the reductoisomerase, with NADPH (normally present during the enzyme's rearrangement step, i.e., conversion of a beta-keto acid into an alpha-keto acid, in either the forward or reverse physiological reactions) being more effective than NADP.
(2) The physiologically important metal ion for catalysis is Mg2+; however, Mn2+ supports in vitro activity, though at a reduced level.
(3) High intensity ultrasound also enhances the heterogeneous catalysis of alkene hydrogenation by Ni powders.
(4) We support the view that catalysis by metalloenzymes may be a reflection of the chemistry of the metal ion itself as a Lewis acid, and that perhaps too much emphasis has been placed on supposed special characteristics (such as strains, "entasis") of the enzyme-metal ion association.
(5) With copper-ion catalysis, ligands inhibit competitively.
(6) Clearly the cysteines play no essential role in catalysis or cyclosporin A binding.
(7) Some mechanisms that can provide catalysis of phosphoryl transfer through a metaphosphate-like transition state are reviewed briefly.
(8) To investigate the ability of a protein to accommodate potentially destabilizing amino acid substitutions, and also to investigate the steric requirements for catalysis, proline was substituted at different sites within the long alpha-helix that connects the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal domains of T4 lysozyme.
(9) The C-terminal domain (327 amino acids) is responsible for catalysis and binds the two zinc ions, which are 2.88 A apart.
(10) Determination of the rate of CO2 production permitted the calculation of capillary blood volume, mean capillary transit time, and the degree of catalysis of CO2 reactions by carbonic anhydrase present in the lung.
(11) The species invariance of this lysine residue, number 175, and the substantial conservation of adjacent sequence support the probability for a functional role in catalysis of the lysyl epsilon-amino group.
(12) Catalysis is processive at optimum salt concentration and distributive at a higher one; camptothecin decreases the initial rate of reaction in both salt conditions, but more so at the higher one.
(13) No evidence for the participation of the fully reduced flavoprotein in catalysis could be obtained.
(14) Additional studies reported here showed that acylation of PLA2 was not necessary for catalysis or binding to the interface and that the binding of the substrate to the active site of PLA2 was not necessary for the binding of the enzyme to the interface.
(15) The UTP concentration dependence for photolabeling was the same as that for promoting catalysis.
(16) The extent catalysis of phosphodiester bond formation varied with the particular clay mineral used.
(17) Comparison of the specific activities for aniline hydroxylation and p-nitrophenol hydroxylation of individual microsomal samples from control, ethanol-pretreated and phenobarbital-pretreated animals showed a high degree of correlation (r2 = 0.98) consistent with the involvement of the same site for catalysis of these two compounds.
(18) Limited data indicates that, while enhanced thermal stability invariably results, the optimum temperature for catalysis may not change.
(19) These results suggest that two convalent intermediates, phosphoryl and malonyl enzyme, are sequentially formed in the synthesis of malonyl-coenzyme A by malonyl-coenzyme A synthetase catalysis.
(20) During catalysis in the scooting mode the enzyme does not leave the surface of the vesicle to which it is bound.
Promoter
Definition:
(n.) One who, or that which, forwards, advances, or promotes; an encourager; as, a promoter of charity or philosophy.
(n.) Specifically, one who sets on foot, and takes the preliminary steps in, a scheme for the organization of a corporation, a joint-stock company, or the like.
(n.) One who excites; as, a promoter of sedition.
(n.) An informer; a makebate.
Example Sentences:
(1) The findings indicate that there is still a significant incongruence between the value structure of most family practice units and that of their institutions but that many family practice units are beginning to achieve parity of promotion and tenure with other departments in their institutions.
(2) Comparison of wild type and the mutant parD promoter sequences indicated that three short repeats are likely involved in the negative regulation of this promoter.
(3) The promoters of the adenovirus 2 major late gene, the mouse beta-globin gene, the mouse immunoglobulin VH gene and the LTR of the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I were tested for their transcription activities in cell-free extracts of four cell lines; HeLa, CESS (Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cell line), MT-1 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line without viral protein synthesis), and MT-2 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line producing viral proteins).
(4) We also show that the gene of the main capsid protein is expressed from its own promoter in an Escherichia coli strain.
(5) In contrast, the effects of deltamethrin and cypermethrin promote transmitter release by a Na+ dependent process.
(6) The effects of hormonal promotion of T24-ras oncogene-transfected rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) were compared to cotransformation of these cells with adenovirus E1A and ras.
(7) Pokeweed mitogen-stimulated rat spleen cells were identified as a reliable source of rat burst-promoting activity (PBA), which permitted development of a reproducible assay for rat bone marrow erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E).
(8) 4) Parents imagined that fruit drinks, carbonated beverages and beverages with lactic acid promoted tooth decay.
(9) This promotion of repetitive activity by the introduction of additional potassium channels occurred up to an "optimal" value beyond which a further increase in paranodal potassium permeability narrowed the range of currents with a repetitive response.
(10) They have actively intervened with governments, and particularly so in Africa.” José Luis Castro, president and chief executive officer of Vital Strategies, an organisation that promotes public health in developing countries, said: “The danger of tobacco is not an old story; it is the present.
(11) It is time to start over with an approach to promoting wellbeing in foreign countries that is empirical rather than ideological.
(12) The yeasts amounts used did not protect the test animals from the kidney infiltration with lipids and cholesterol; 12 g of yeasts per 100 g of the ration promoted elevation of sialic acid content in the blood plasma.
(13) Tumor promoting phorbol esters (1-1000 nM) could also inhibit PGE2 stimulated cAMP production dose dependently.
(14) The data indicate that adult neurons with an intrinsic ability to regenerate axons can respond to substances with neurotrophic or neurite-promoting activities in tissue cultures.
(15) The 21K peptide had little direct effect on the selection of promoters in vitro as measured by this technique, but it dramatically increased the translatability of the product.
(16) It was found that these Hageman factor fragments promoted rapid proteolysis of one-chain factor VII to a more active two-chain form.
(17) As a result, trnK is under the control of the psbA promoter in this species and has therefore acquired psbA-like expression characteristics.
(18) Genetic regulation of the ilvGMEDA cluster involves attenuation, internal promoters, internal Rho-dependent termination sites, a site of polarity in the ilvG pseudogene of the wild-type organism, and autoregulation by the ilvA gene product, the biosynthetic L-threonine deaminase.
(19) One promoter factors is identical to u-EBP-E, an enhancer binding protein.
(20) Endogeneous satellite cells in skeletal muscle regenerating from bupivacaine damage were infected with an injected retrovirus containing the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene under the promoter control of the Moloney murine leukemia virus long-terminal repeat.