(n.) Connection of links or union of parts, as in a chain; a regular or connected series. See Concatenation.
Example Sentences:
(1) A tabulation is given of the polynomials for all possible stereoisomers of many of the knotted and catenated forms that are found in DNA.
(2) We present a unified model for the relaxation, catenation, and knotting reactions of topoisomerase I in which the enzyme induces a break in a single-stranded region, but bridges that break with covalent and noncovalent interactions and allows passage of one duplex or single-stranded DNA segment.
(3) Unlike Escherichia coli topoisomerase I (omega), catenation by the HeLa topoisomerase I is not stimulated by gapped circles.
(4) Both the relaxation and the catenation reaction exhibit a salt optimum at 130 mM NaCl.
(5) Our findings suggest the need for closer examination for HPV episomal catenation in other cervical carcinoma cell lines as well as in primary carcinoma tissues of the uterine cervix and the anogenital tract.
(6) At low concentrations of Topo I (sufficient to confer specificity to the replication system for DNA templates containing a ColE1-type origin of DNA replication), the major products of the replication reaction were: multigenome-length, linear, double-stranded DNA molecules (an aberrant product); multiply interlinked, catenated, supercoiled DNA dimers; and a last Cairns-type replication intermediate.
(7) The increase in the number of TR in progeny episomes indicates that linear DNA is produced from concatameric replicative intermediates rather than from amplified catenated circular intermediates.
(8) Crude extracts and partially purified fractions contain an aggregating factor that can substitute spermidine in catenating reactions.
(9) Upon centrifugation of gently lysed T. cruzi cells through a sucrose gradient, a free DNA fraction was shown to contain catenated dimers and knotted DNA structures.
(10) The mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes is organized as a network of catenated circular DNA molecules called the kinetoplast.
(11) Unexpectedly, deletion of the first Zn finger, a point mutation in the Zn-catenation site in the first finger, or one in the steroid-specificity domain at the base of the first finger converted GR into a dexamethasone-responsive activator that enhanced basal and interleukin 1-induced IL-6 promoter function.
(12) The results are consistent with the idea that DNA-binding sites are fixed on the scaffold and mediate catenation of bound DNA circles by holding them in close proximity to each other.
(13) Ellipticine in particular produced these catenated dimers rapidly and efficiently.
(14) Consequently, the relaxation activity was almost the same between the RL and AH fractions, whereas the catenation activity was much higher in the AH fraction.
(15) For a DNA circle nicked at a unique location, the efficiency of DNA breakage opposite the nick correlates with the rate of catenation.
(16) This procedure liberates linearized minicircle molecules from network catenation, distributing them throughout the lysate, and allowing a small aliquot of the original lysate to be analyzed by PCR amplification.
(17) In vitro, the complexity of catenated products was linearly proportional to substrate supercoil density.
(18) These newly synthesized strands were not part of two catenated interlocked SV40 monomers suggesting that the block occurred prior to the final ligation reaction.
(19) Hypertonic medium appeared to inhibit both DNA unwinding in the termination region and separation of catenated dimers.
(20) MtDNA (monomeric and catenated dimeric forms) in transformed and uninfected CEF replicate by displacement synthesis.
Concatenation
Definition:
(n.) A series of links united; a series or order of things depending on each other, as if linked together; a chain, a succession.
Example Sentences:
(1) Through concatenation, autocovariance for periodicity identification becomes possible.
(2) Recent data are cited for the proposition that these changes constitute a closed pathogenetic concatenation creating a vicious circle.
(3) The model consists of a concatenation of modules, one for each anatomical section of the periphery.
(4) These studies revealed that biological activity was sensitive to both the identity of the concatenating atoms and the pattern of ring substitution.
(5) Ligation of the blunt end to high molecular weight target DNA proceeds efficiently and there is no tandem concatenation of the adaptor.
(6) Reintroduction of this DNA into mammalian cells as a concatenated phage clone gave rise to dicentric chromosomes which gave rise to a new, stable, chromosome.
(7) Cows with coliform mastitis showed, in addition to fever, tachycardia and ruminal stasis and a concatenation of nonspecific responses, such as neutrophylic leukopenia followed by leukocytosis, lymphopenia, hypocalcaemia, hypoferraemia, hypozincaemia, and hypercupremia, and changes in the concentration of certain serum proteins.
(8) This enhancement of expression can be competed in vivo by concatenated double-stranded oligonucleotides, indicating that protein-DNA binding is a requisite for enhancer activity.
(9) The oscillatory interneurones are connected both intra- and interganglionically to form a topologically complex intersegmental network of concatenated ring circuits that possess the feature of recurrent cyclic inhibition.
(10) The consequential errors led to (a) an injudicious imposition of 'objectivity' at all levels of allocation, (b) an unjustified insistence that the same method be used at each administrative level in an additive and transitive manner, (c) the exclusion of general practitioner services from their considerations, (d) a failure to delineate those decisions which are in fact political decisions, thus to concatenate them, inappropriately, with technical and professional issues.
(11) Furthermore, we observed that concatenated Pit-1 binding sites were able to confer cAMP responsiveness to the thymidine kinase promoter in GC cells.
(12) However, the number of copies of the exogenous DNA sequences retained per average genome in postmetamorphic juveniles was usually less than 0.1 (range 0.05-50), and genome blot hybridizations indicate that these sequences are organized as integrated, randomly oriented, end-to-end molecular concatenates.
(13) It has been shown before (Part I) that covariances or coincidences in the signal activity of a neural net can be used in the construction of a simultaneous functional order in which a modality is represented as a concatenation of districts with a lattice structure.
(14) This finding was seen as consistent with "continuous" correction of movement errors and as contrary to the suggestion that infant movements are concatenations of ballistic movement units whose boundaries are marked by troughs in the speed profile.
(15) A concatenated DNA fragment containing a five-repeat binding site was used for DNase I footprinting.
(16) Thus, the patient's oral reading of a sentence is not a concatenation of isolated words, but depends on an implicit, context-sensitive analysis.
(17) For statistical analysis the night studies of each subject were concatenated.
(18) These include the uptake of the donor DNA by the recipient cells, the transport of the DNA to the nucleus, transient expression prior to integration into the host cell genome, concatenation and integration of the transfected DNA into the host cell genome and finally the stable expression of the integrated genes (2,3).
(19) In contrast, most linearly concatenated DNA molecules (derived from end-to-end joining of microinjected monomeric plasmid DNA) underwent at least two rounds of DNA replication during this same period.
(20) We have constructed an artificial variant of the proenkephalin gene by concatenation of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (oligo) coding for Met-enkephalin preceded by two arginines.