(n.) An electro-positive substance, which in electro-decomposition is evolved at the cathode; -- opposed to anion.
Example Sentences:
(1) The actions of the polyvalent cationic dye Ruthenium Red and the enzyme neuraminidase were studied at the frog neuromuscular junction.
(2) Interaction of viable macrophages with cationic particles at 37 degrees C resulted in their "internalization" within vesicles and coated pits and a closer apposition between many segments of plasmalemma than with neutral or anionic substances.
(3) On the other hand, the hydrophilic reagents, 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)-propyl]carbodiimide and N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline, did not affect organic cation transport.
(4) Kup is a separate K+ uptake system with relatively little discrimination in the transport of the cations K+, Rb+, and Cs+.
(5) To selectively stain polyanionic macromolecules of growth plate cartilage and to prevent artifacts induced by aqueous fixation, proximal tibial growth plates were excised from rats, slam-frozen, and freeze-substituted in 100% methanol containing the cationic dye Alcian blue.
(6) In general, enzyme activity was strongly reduced by heavy metal inorganic cations; less strongly by organometallic cations, some anions, and certain pesticides; and weakly inhibited by light metal cations and organometallic and organic compounds.
(7) Conflicting reports exist on the postprandial response of serum cationic trypsin like immunoreactivity (SCTLI).
(8) Frequent measurement of serum cation and appropriate replacement are recommended when high dose Cisplatin containing regimen is used in chemotherapy of neoplasms.
(9) Binding is inhibited by divalent and trivalent cations (Cd2+ and La3+ being most potent) and other calcium channel drugs (1,4 dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines).
(10) The planar 7H-pyridocarbazole cations form stacks approximately parallel to b. Interactions between stacks occur by weak van der Waals forces.
(11) Bio-Rex 70, a carboxylic acid cation exchanger, is studied as a biological ion-exchanger resin model for cellular cytoplasm.
(12) 45Calcium has been used to compare the kinetics for the transport and bioaccumulation of this regulatory cation in keratinocyte cultures of a kindred with HPS (i.e., one HPS homozygote, one HPS obligate heterozygote, one normal family member, and healthy adult controls).
(13) Although GTP most potently inhibited [125I]beta h-endorphin binding in the presence of sodium, inhibition of [125I]beta h-endorphin binding by GTP was also observed in the presence of the monovalent cations lithium and potassium, but not the divalent cations magnesium, calcium, or manganese.
(14) The fungicidal activity of six rabbit neutrophil cationic peptides (NP) against resting (dormant) spores, preincubated (swollen) spores, and hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae was examined.
(15) No significant relationship was found between these urinary cations and blood pressure.
(16) Cation concentrations were determined in a stratified subsample (n = 89) of the study group.
(17) The cation leak identified in this manner is not prelytic, and it is fully reversible.
(18) Na+ could not be replaced for growth by any other cations or substances.
(19) When the concentration of Ca2+ in the medium was raised to 10 mM was the only extracellular divalent cation present, the depolarization in response to A23187 was increased to 11-8 mV.
(20) Mn2+ had dual effects, stimulating the ECP release in the absence of Mg2+ and Ca2+, and inhibiting the release in the presence of these cations.
Vanadyl
Definition:
(n.) The hypothetical radical VO, regarded as a characterized residue of certain vanadium compounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) Electron spin resonance studies indicate the formation of two vanadyl complexes that are 1:1 in vanadyl and deferoxamine, but have two or three bound hydroxamate groups.
(2) These findings indicate that short-term oral treatment of diabetic rats with vanadyl induces beneficial changes that persist following withdrawal of the treatment.
(3) Addition of ferritin at the concentration used for measuring iron release prevented vanadyl-induced NADH oxidation.
(4) The magnitude of this potassium loss suggests a damage of the plasma membrane caused by vanadyl.
(5) The effects of oral vanadyl sulfate administration for 9-12 days on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the basal state and on glucose dynamics during submaximal hyperinsulinemic clamps were investigated in nondiabetic and streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.
(6) The mechanism of vanadium ions action as well as differences between vanadate and vanadyl ions effects are discussed.
(7) No proline hydroxylation was detected during peroxidation of linoleic acid by vanadyl(IV).
(8) Iron-saturated transferrin does not bind the vanadyl ion.
(9) The cyclase activity was inhibited by vanadyl but not by vanadate in the presence of these stimulators.
(10) The reduction of cytochrome c by vanadyl sulfate was also SOD-insensitive.
(11) Vanadium in the 4+ (vanadyl-ion) and 5+ (vanadate-ion) oxidation state stimulates furosemide-sensitive electrogenic Cl- secretion in isolated epithelia of rabbit descending colon.
(12) In conclusion, these results show that augmentation of peripheral glucose utilization is the major determinant of the antidiabetic action of vanadyl and support the notion that the action of vanadyl is independent of insulin-receptor kinase activity.
(13) From the spectral parameters and a comparison with inorganic vanadyl complexes, we conclude that the ligand environment largely consists of oxygen donors.
(14) The information obtained also allows some considerations concerning the probable coordination sphere of the vanadyl ion.
(15) Upon reduction with sodium dithionite, these bromoperoxidases show EPR spectra which are typical of a vanadyl cation (VO2+).
(16) Vanadyl ions may be used for reactivation of apodopamine beta-monooxygenase.
(17) Orthovanadate is a little less effective then metavanadate; vanadyl sulfate is even less efficient, and the effect of Cu2+ at the same concentration is still lower.
(18) The vanadate and vanadyl forms of vanadium have been shown by many investigators to have insulinlike effects on glucose metabolism.
(19) Instead, NADPH was required for the synthesis of superoxide, which triggered the formation of peroxovanadyl [V(4+)-OO] and vanadyl hydroperoxide [V(4+)-OOH].
(20) A novel family of vanadyl ion (VO2+, oxidation state +4) carriers is introduced.