(adv.) Backwards; toward the tail or posterior part.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thirteen patients had had a posterior dislocation with an associated fracture of the femoral head located either caudad or cephalad to the fovea centralis (Pipkin Type-I or Type-II injury), one had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and neck (Pipkin Type III), two had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and the acetabular rim (Pipkin Type IV), and three had had a fracture-dislocation that we could not categorize according to the Pipkin classification.
(2) The number of dendrites per cell increased caudad along the gut.
(3) Direct injection of gastric varices is difficult because of increased postsclerotherapy bleeding, but sclerosis of esophageal varices often leads to their obliteration by the caudad flow of sclerosant.
(4) both rib angles (RA) and changes in RA with lung volume were greatest with the fourth rib and decreased progressively going down (caudad) the chest.
(5) In contrast to many other classification systems the professor in Anatomy at the University of Amsterdam Louis Bolk divided conjoined twins in only three main groups: 1 greater than diplopagi simplex caudad; 2 greater than diplopagi simplex craniad; 3 greater than diplopagi simplex mesad.
(6) The operation was a modification of Green's procedure; all muscular attachments to the scapula are freed, the omovertebral band is cut, and the scapula is sutured into a pocket in the latissimus dorsi after the scapula has been rotated and moved caudad to a more normal position.
(7) In addition, LHRH fibers which run caudad through the dorsal infundibular region and then the mesencephalic reticular formation were widely distributed in both the gray and the white matter of the medulla oblongata.
(8) So, while the process of recanalization of the lumen is cranio-caudad, the formation of previllous ridges and crypts proceeds caudo-cranially.
(9) The inferior coeliac nerves inhibited primarily the orad segments of colon and the lumbar colonic nerves inhibited primarily the caudad segments of colon.
(10) The strong caudad GMCs of the cecum may periodically empty cecal contents into the colon.
(11) In group I there was no statistically significant correlation between the spread of contrast medium and the extension of the epidural block either in the cephalad or in the caudad direction.
(12) Regional variations in the discharge patterns of the internal and external intercostal muscles of the middle and caudad thorax were studied in decerebrate, spontaneously breathing cats during coughing and vomiting.
(13) The left bundle branch proceeded to caudad on the anterior wall of the main ventricular chamber.
(14) It is considered that the contractions induced by motilin are identical with the naturally occurring interdigestive contractions in the LES and these contractions are the most orad component of the interdigestive cyclic recurring caudad-moving bands of strong contractions in the dogs.
(15) In 2 of them, a 'swinging heart' appearance was recorded when the ultrasoound beam was directed caudally, but not when its direction was cephalad or less caudad.
(16) An anteroposterior projection with a 20 degrees cephalo-caudad angulation centered at the glabella adequately demonstrates the posterior and lateral orbital floor and the posterolateral margin of the orbital floor in all patients.
(17) The superior mesenteric-portal vein, which was L-shaped and convexly caudad, strongly suggested this anomalous condition.
(18) Passage of this instrument when performing axillofemoral bypass is probably safer when done in a cephalad-to-caudad direction.
(19) There are three factors which determine the volume of the spinal canal, its lateral recesses and the intervertebral canals; the developmental size; the level cephalad and caudad of the vertebral column; the multiple acquired conditions which may cause encroachment.
(20) A unilateral abnormality is manifested by exaggeration or reversal of the normal disparity in height between the superior margins of the liver and spleen by cephalad or caudad displacement of one of these organs.
Caudal
Definition:
(a.) Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a tail; having a tail-like appendage.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vc), the collaterals of one half of the periodontium afferent fibers terminated mainly in lamina V at the rostral and middle levels of Vc.
(2) In addition, lightly immunostained cells were distinguished in the caudal portion of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, area of tuber cinereum, retrochiasmatic area, and rostral portion of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus after colchicine treatment.
(3) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
(4) Other fusiform cells of the cPVN are oriented in a rostral-caudal plane and are situated more medially in this subdivision.
(5) Nonetheless, anatomical continuity was restored at the site of injury, axons projected across this region, and rostral spinal and brainstem neurons could be retrogradely labelled following HRP injections administered caudal to the lesion.
(6) Injection of the tracer substance wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) directly into the basilar pontine nuclei using a ventral surgical approach resulted in the labeling of somata in many areas both rostral and caudal to the basilar pons.
(7) Cytochrome oxidase histochemistry revealed patchy patterns of the enzyme activity in transverse sections through the caudal part of the ventral subnucleus of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, interpolar spinal trigeminal nucleus, and layer IV of the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus in the cat.
(8) Zebrin II-negative Purkinje cells are present in a continuous region encompassing the rostromedial part of the valvula, the lobus transitorius, lobe C1 and the ventral part of lobe C2, and in a small, lateral zone of the posterior part of the caudal lobe.
(9) At 3 weeks of age the volume of both smooth muscle and axons within the caudal artery of SHR and WKY was not significantly different.
(10) Electrical stimulation of the contralateral superior colliculus evoked monosynaptic field potentials which were largest in the caudal pontine reticular formation rostral to the abducens nucleus and in the rostral part of the medullary reticular formation caudal to the abducens nucleus.
(11) Labeled fibers and terminal-like structures were found 8-13 segments rostral and 1-5 segments caudal to the injected DRGs.
(12) Caudal block is particularly useful and, even when given in large doses, does not give rise to high plasma concentrations.
(13) In order to verify whether or not all the POMC neurons are equally affected by sex steroids, we arbitrarily divided the arcuate nucleus rostro-caudally into four equal portions and used an in situ hybridization technique to evaluate POMC gene expression in these different regions of the arcuate nucleus in the female rat.
(14) Intracellular recordings were made from zebra finch hyperstriatum ventrale pars caudale (HVc) neurones in in vitro slice preparations.
(15) The results indicate that NTS neurons containing a GRP-like peptide connect the rostral and caudal regions of the dorsal vagal complex by way of longitudinal nerve tracts descending NTS and TS.
(16) Very few receptors were located in the caudal regions of the rumen whereas the cranial sac is richly supplied with tension receptors.
(17) Cells of type-4 occupy the caudal part with a dorsorostral extension.
(18) This flap is formed by a triangle-shaped excision combined with cranial and caudal slitting of the periosteum.
(19) Injections in caudal and dorsal parts of VL labeled cells in ventral parts of the dentate nucleus and interpositus posterior nucleus.
(20) This spatial relationship of the endocrine cells suggests a functional cell interaction between glucagon and somatostatin cells in the cranial stomach and between gastrin and somatostatin in the caudal parts of the stomach.