What's the difference between caudate and urodele?
Caudate
Definition:
(a.) Alt. of Caudated
Example Sentences:
(1) It is shown that in animals of the same line but differing by the behaviour in the open field, brain formations such as the sensorimotor cortex, caudate nucleus and n. accumbens have their own biochemical properties of the studied characteristics.
(2) Hence, in the intact caudate-putamen dopamine appears to suppress expression of these two neuropeptide genes leading to an activation of both NPY and SOM mRNA expression in many non- or low-expressing neurons when the level of dopamine is decreased.
(3) Senescent (26-28 months) Fischer 344 rats were shown to have a lower density of D2 sites (-36%) without any change in affinity in membranes prepared from homogenized caudate-putamen (CPU), as compared to young adult (5-6 months) rats.
(4) Overflow curves in both regions could be described with similar kinetic parameters except for the Vmax, which in the nucleus accumbens was only 60% of that measured in the caudate-putamen.
(5) The concentrations of metorphamide in the bovine caudate nucleus, the hypothalamus, the spinal cord, and the neurointermediate pituitary were determined by radioimmunoassay and chromatography separation procedures.
(6) We describe a right-handed native American who developed a foreign accent following damage to the left premotor region and white matter anterior to the head of the left caudate nucleus.
(7) The effect of sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8S) on the generation of slow wave depolarisation in the rat caudate-putamen (CPu) was studied using in vivo voltammetry.
(8) Our results suggest that caudate TH levels plateau soon after birth and tend to remain relatively stable during aging, since no changes in either the relative number of TH-containing nerve terminals or the concentration of TH protein were found in subjects 15-63 years of age.
(9) Radioligand binding studies were conducted using [3H]CFT and [3H]GBR 12935 to label elements of the dopamine uptake system in caudate-putamen membranes of cynomolgus monkeys.
(10) In the caudate, terminal fields were restricted to a central longitudinal core while those from area 6DC were more widely distributed.
(11) The positivity of amyloid deposits in AD was 100% in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, caudate nucleus, claustrum, hypothalamus, nucleus basalis of Meynert, and cerebellar cortex.
(12) The brain dialysis method was very useful for measuring the monoamine metabolite levels of the caudate nucleus while the experimental model was still alive and presenting the torticollis-like posture.
(13) This latter finding is interpreted as representing the consequence of persistent increases or decreases in activity of inhibitory interneurons in the caudate nucleus.
(14) The density of D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors in human caudate nucleus and putamen, obtained postmortem, were studied throughout the adult lifespan using [3H]fluphenazine as the dopamine receptor ligand.
(15) Only slight evidence of serum neuroleptic activity was shown by radio-receptor assay measurements using [3H]spiperone binding and calf caudates, and the drug's effect on prolactin elevation was short-lasting (less than 10 hours).
(16) The IC50 values for the drugs in tissue sections corresponded closely with their reported IC50 values in monkey caudate-putamen membranes (r = 0.99, p less than 0.001), suggesting that [3H]CFT binding is similar in the two preparations.
(17) After dopamine stores in the caudate nucleus of cats were labeled with [(3)H]dopamine, the ventricular system was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid.
(18) Volumes of caudate, lenticular, and diencephalic structures are estimated, as are grey matter volumes in eight separate cortical regions.
(19) These effects of GABA decreased from the caudal to rostral part within the caudate nucleus, an order which parallels the distribution of endogenous GABA and glutamic acid decarboxylase.
(20) At operation a large tumor arising from the caudate lobe was found and the tumor was totally resected.
Urodele
Definition:
(n.) One of the Urodela.
Example Sentences:
(1) A teased fiber technique established that the ratio of internodal distance and fiber diameter in urodele nerves was essentially similar to that in Anolis.
(2) The present observations indicate that the previous descriptions of the urodele carotid labyrinth should be corrected: a vascular ring exists around the common carotid artery and the latter shows a corresponding narrowing at the entrance to the carotid labyrinth; the vascular ring forms the most proximal part of the external carotid rete; the central chamber occupies only a part of the proximal end of the carotid labyrinth; the internal carotid rete and the external carotid rete constitute a continuous rete mirabile; and a distinct furrow exists in the boundary between these two portions of the rete mirabile.
(3) That substance P may be a neurotrophic factor in urodele limb regeneration was investigated in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum).
(4) Based upon the use of specific antibodies and sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis, the present work describes the use of the post-transcriptional equipment of the urodele egg to compare the information contained in two RNA samples extracted from respectively liver and activated axolotl eggs.
(5) The urodele Ambystoma tigrinum adapts to a distilled water environment by decreasing renal sodium excretion, but the site and mechanism of renal adaptation is unknown.
(6) Urodele amphibians possess a remarkable ability to regenerate limbs following experimental or accidental amputation.
(7) The effect of growth factors on the formation of cardiac mesoderm in the urodele, Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl), has been examined using an in vitro explant system.
(8) Histochemical assays showed that M. oculata embryos develop 36 to 38 AChE-positive cells, consistent with the number of tail muscle cells expressed in other urodele ascidians.
(9) The antibody labelled two bands of 35 and 56 kDa in Western blots of urodele retinal preparations separated by gel electrophoresis.
(10) To obtain more insight into the vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic systems of amphibians and the evolution of these neuropeptidergic systems in vertebrates in general, the distribution of vasotocin (AVT) and mesotocin (MST) was studied immunohistochemically in the brains of the anuran Rana ridibunda and the urodele Pleurodeles waltlii.
(11) Western blot and immunofluorescence studies show that p58 expression is correlated with the ability of hybrid embryos to express urodele features.
(12) All the antibodies described here cross-react with the lampbrush chromosomes of five other species of Urodeles.
(13) In the urodele species Salamandra salamandra and Batrachoseps attenuatus, the distribution of the neuropeptides substance P (SP), leucine-enkephalin (LENK), and bombesine (BOMB) was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry in brain areas containing retinofugal projection sites (tectum mesencephali, praetectum, thalamus) as well as in brain regions postsynaptic to the tectum.
(14) Animals at various stages of metamorphosis were employed to study the relationship between specific biochemical and histological changes that occur in the tail of this urodele during metamorphosis.
(15) In early spermatids of Urodeles the chromosome segments bearing constitutive heterochromatin are localized in one half of the round nucleus; this region becomes the basal part of the long nucleus of the spermatozoon.
(16) Urodeles, like the newt, are able to replace their limbs and tail following amputation by the formation of a blastema, a mass of proliferating mesenchymal cells originating from the tissue adjacent to the cut surface.
(17) This study examines the number of AChE-positive cells that develop in the anural ascidian Molgula occulta relative to that in the closely related urodele (tailed) species, Molgula oculata.
(18) In anurans, but not in a urodele, the TN was also found to contain Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) immunoreactivity.
(19) After amputation of the limb of an adult urodele amphibian at any point along the proximodistal axis, blastemal cells (the progenitor cells of the regenerate) give rise only to the missing structures.
(20) As demonstrated in this study, Müller cells of urodeles (Batrachoseps attenuatus and Pleurodeles waltlii) are OAP-positive, whereas two anurans (Rana esculenta and Xenopus laevis) do not reveal any OAP in their Müller cell membranes.