(1) Hemivertebrae and longitudinal fusion of centra and arches were also noted.
(2) Bone formation in the vertebral centra commences within the centrum and is in this respect analogous to the secondary ossification which occurs in the epiphysis of a long bone.
(3) The latter group included units with on-off, on-centre or off-centra receptive fields.
(4) Centra of the sixth lumbar vertebrae (L6) were compressed to 50% strain at a fast strain rate while immersed in physiological buffer (37 degrees C).
(5) The gate is influenced by cells in the nearby situated substantia gelatinosa, thick nerves and efferent nerves from higher situated centra.
(6) The neurocentral joints, and hence the boundaries between neural arches and centra, are unclear before ossification has begun and has progressed during the fetal period.
(7) This paper reports those findings and relates some of them to a previous comprehensive national study done by John Centra through the Educational Testing Service in 1976.
(8) Foetuses from the mid- and high-dose groups also had significant increases in certain skeletal defects, namely missing centra and reduced ossification of the dorsal arch.
(9) The reexamined cases were from the "Japona Centra Revuo Medicina" reported during the period from 1952 to 1971.
(10) The cervical spine exhibited multiple abnormalities involving both the vertebral centra as well as the posterior elements (Klippel-Feil abnormality).
(11) The centra of the second and third vertebrae are fused together forming a composite structure.
(12) Following exposure to bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR), acetazolamide (ACZM), trypan blue (TRBL), cortisone (CORT), or diphenylhydantoin (DPH), alizarin-stained, cleared fetuses were examined at 18 days postcoitus for unossified cervical vertebral centra; number of ossified caudal vertebrae; number of ribs; and ossification of sternebrae, metatarsals, metacarpals, and phalangeal rows.
(13) At all teratogenic doses, in no vehicle-treated groups, and rarely in lower-dose groups, there were significant increases in frequency of unossified cervical centra, the first vertebra (C1) being most often affected, and C7 least often affected.
(14) Ossification of cervical vertebral centra, and caudal vertebrae were significantly reduced, sternebra and limb ossification were not.
(15) Skeletal variations (delayed ossification of membranous skull bones, hyoid bone, thoracic centra 1-3, sacral arches 3 and 4, and bilobed thoracic centra 9-13) were seen with similar frequency in the control and HQ-treated groups.
(16) These studies show that reduced ossification of cervical centra is an excellent indicator of prenatal exposure to noxious substances, and caudal vertebrae appear to be useful as well.
(17) Most fish stored more lipid in the neurocranium than in the vertebral centra.
(18) A slight, but statistically significant, increase in the incidence of delayed ossification of the vertebral centra in rats exposed in utero to 120 ppm of DCP was considered of little toxicologic significance in light of the maternal toxicity observed at this exposure concentration.
(19) The connective tissue cells within the cartilage canal appear to assist osteogenesis by providing osteogenic cells which lay down bone in the walls of the cartilage canal, and provide cells which remove calcified cartilage found at the periphery of the canal; they assist growth by producing an appreciable number of chondrocytes that permit lateral expansion of the centra.
(20) (4) A circumscribed perinotochordal distribution of the short-chain sialylated branched sequences was observed in the region of the future centra of the vertebrae.
Contra
Definition:
() A Latin adverb and preposition, signifying against, contrary, in opposition, etc., entering as a prefix into the composition of many English words. Cf. Counter, adv. & pref.
Example Sentences:
(1) The contra-indications for them are: 1. a better visual acuity with spectacles than with contact lenses, 2. advanced cases (4th degree of Amsler) whose fitting is impossible, 3. unilateral keratoconus, 4. associated diseases such as trachomatous pannus, allergic kerato-conjunctivitis.
(2) In addition to the well established contra-indications to use, a past history of pelvic inflammatory disease or ectopic pregnancy, promiscuity, nulliparity and age less than 25 are now considered relative contraindications.
(3) In some animals they were like the injection site and in others there were equal numbers of contra- and ipsilateral eye-dominated regions.
(4) Contra-IL-1 may contribute to the immune dysfunction of AIDS.
(5) Nowadays, conventional cholecystectomy remains indicated when laparoscopy is contra-indicated, notably in cases with tight peritoneal adhesions precluding laparoscopy.
(6) It is suggested that inhibitory interneurones receive contra- and ipsilateral input.
(7) The above-mentioned extemely high doses of fluphenazine appear to be contra-indicated in depressive states and in cases of latent organic brain changes.
(8) Anterograde tracing studies reveal that the rod domain in VPM is innervated by fibers arising in the contra- and ipsilateral principal trigeminal nucleus, while the matrix domain (and calbindin-positive domains in adjacent nuclei) are innervated by fibers arising in the caudal nucleus of the spinal trigeminal complex.
(9) These results confirm the biologic efficacy of local cooling and clearly contra-indicate the use of local heating to treat inadvertent DOX extravasations in the clinic.
(10) The use of the technique of lavage-drainage of doxycycline could be an alternative in those patients with a malignant pleural effusion whose general condition contra-indicates a symphysis under pleuroscopy.
(11) Furthermore, generally accepted rules can be defined for the contra-indications of brachytherapy which, according to our experiences, should be strictly observed.
(12) The only absolute contra-indication to urinary diversion is decubitus ulceration.
(13) In the particular case of a broncho-pulmonary cancer, if it is anaplastic, mediastinoscopy is useful to determine diagnosis and contra-indications ; in other bronchial cancers, there are contra-indications in the case of bilateral invasion and blocking of mediastinal organs.
(14) This article updates the evidence which supports the efficiency, indications and contra-indications of such a procedure.
(15) His cranial CT scans and MRI revealed a small discrete lesion in the postero-lateral part of the contra-lateral putamen.
(16) The patients were screened for the known contra-indications to both drugs.
(17) However, the contra-indications which persist in the results of clinical works have resulted in the fact that the exact place of cortico-steroids in the therapeutic arsenal of septic shock still remains to be specified.
(18) Infection after implantation of an artificial heart is frequently incurable and is a clear contra-indication for further implantation.
(19) It is concluded that participants should be given more detailed information about screening tests and that doctors are under an ethical obligation to consider with the utmost care any contra-indications to a particular vaccination or a screening procedure in an individual patient.
(20) Repetitive injections appear to be contra-indicated as they may create an environment conducive to joint destruction.