(n.) A peculiar rounded body lying near the nucleus of a cell. It is regarded as the dynamic element by means of which the machinery of cell division is organized.
Example Sentences:
(1) This apparent lack of centrosomal staining was not due to problems associated with penetration of the antibody probes, since staining adjacent to and within the centriolar cylinder was observed when phosphoprotein antigens recognized by the MPM-2 antibody were localized.
(2) Control-operated cells with centrosomes left in the karyoplast progress through the cell cycle, duplicate the centrosome, and form clonal cell colonies.
(3) PCC-kinetochores display a typical trilaminar morphology, associate with microtubules and show movement towards the centrosome.
(4) However, only a few proteins are extracted by these treatments and the centrosome ultrastructure is not affected.
(5) Two high titer sera were identified that reacted with HeLa, CHO, and PtK2 centrosomes by immunofluorescence, although the fluorescent patterns that were obtained using the two antisera were separate and distinct.
(6) They suggest that the centrosome cycle can be blocked when the centrioles are prevented from separating into a nonlinear configuration, a step which might be critical for the initiation of procentriole budding.
(7) The developmental sequence of events in marginal band formation entails microtubule nucleation at the centrosome, followed by microtubule elongation, consolidation of loose parallel microtubules into a compact bundle, and microtubule association with the cell membrane.
(8) This treatment allows observation of the stages of the centrosome cycle--separation, division, and bipolarization--while the chromosomes are arrested in metaphase.
(9) These results indicate that both microtubules and microfilaments may be involved in determining centrosome shape during the syncytial mitoses which lead to the formation of the blastoderm in early Drosophila embryos.
(10) Colocalization studies with MPM-2 revealed that centrosomes were always phosphorylated.
(11) The relationship of the centrosome in B. rubinellus to that in other organisms and the role of the cytoplasmic microtubules are discussed.
(12) (3) The functional loss of the maternal centrosome is not due to its cortical location.
(13) 2h after enucleation the centrosome structure in the cytoplasts did not differ from that in normal cells.
(14) Here we show that centrosomes inactivated by urea are functionally complemented in frog egg extracts.
(15) Cold treatment of embryos during the cellularization of the blastoderm results in marked fragmentation of the centrosomes, but nucleating capacity is preserved.
(16) The microtubules originated at prominent centrosomes located close to the apical surface of each cap nucleus.
(17) In addition control cells and cells heated at 45.5 degrees for 15 min were immediately subjected to a cell fractionation procedure that yielded partially purified centrosome preparations.
(18) This confirms a model in which, at prometaphase, fast probing centrosomal MTs are grabbed by the kinetochores, where tubulin incorporation then takes place.
(19) There was, however, a reduction of wound re-endothelialization and an associated reduction in the proportion of cells with centrosomes redistributed toward the wound edge.
(20) Remarkably mouse sperm do not appear to have the centrosomal antigen and instead centrosomes are found in the unfertilized oocyte.
Cytoplasm
Definition:
(n.) The substance of the body of a cell, as distinguished from the karyoplasma, or substance of the nucleus.
Example Sentences:
(1) 5-HT thus appears to be the preferred substrate for uptake into platelets and for movement from cytoplasm to vesicles.
(2) The monoclonal antibody (mAb), SY38, binds to a cytoplasmic domain of synaptophysin.
(3) Immunofluorescence analysis of Pr-28 antigen showed that the antigen was localized mainly in perinuclear cytoplasm.
(4) Their contour lengths varied from 0.28 to 51 micron, but unlike in the case of maize, a large difference was not observed in the distribution of molecular classes greater than 1.0 micron between N and S cytoplasms of sugar beet.
(5) Chloroquine induced large cytoplasmic vacuoles, whereas the other drugs (quinacrine, 4,4'-diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol, chlorphentermine, iprindole, 1-chloro-amitriptyline, clomipramine) caused formation of lamellated or crystalloid inclusions as usually seen in drug-induced lipidosis.
(6) Aside from these characteristic findings of HCC, it was important to reveal the following features for the diagnosis of well differentiated type of small HCC: variable thickening or distortion of trabecular structure in association with nuclear crowding, acinar formation, selective cytoplasmic accumulation of Mallory bodies, nuclear abnormalities consisting of thickening of nucleolus, hepatic cords in close contact with bile ducts or blood vessels, and hepatocytes growing in a fibrous environment.
(7) RNA transcribed in vitro from the early region of bacteriophage T3 or T7 was translated by cytoplasmic ribosomes which synthesized protein in cell-free systems prepared from mammalian cells and wheat germ.
(8) The ability of cytoplasmic extracts to induce DNA synthesis in isolated, quiescent nuclei.
(9) P2 is a cytoplasmic protein, while P1 largely fractionates with the membrane.
(10) In contrast, in primordial follicles, FSH was restricted to the germ cell but was present in both the oocyte cytoplasm and germinal vesicle.
(11) Digestion of cytoplasmic components of horny cells was observed by electron microscopy, but both cell membranes and desmosomes remained intact.
(12) The lymphocyte-specific phosphoprotein LSP1 associates with the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane and with the cytoskeleton.
(13) We have previously shown that about 90% of total Escherichia coli lac repressor synthesized in mammalian cells is located in the cytoplasm [Hu and Davidson, Cell 48 (1987) 555-566].
(14) Cytoplasmic organelles were displaced and rearranged in the presence of somal neurofibrillary changes.
(15) After Listeria, a bacterium, is phagocytosed by a macrophage, it dissolves the phagosomal membrane and enters the cytoplasm.
(16) Immunocytochemical analysis also suggested that bFGF immunoreactivity was present in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm of astrocytes and CA2 neurons.
(17) Losses of RNase activities in preneoplastic tissues are followed by changes in the properties of cytoplasmic RNA probably due to alterations in ribosomes in areas of neoplastic transformation.
(18) The role of cytoplasmic microtubules (MTs) in the structural organization of the Golgi complex and the lysosomal system was studied in L929 mouse fibroblasts using a combination of cytochemical and electron microscopic methods.
(19) Increases were found in both nuclei and cytoplasm of trophoblast cells in the labyrinth region.
(20) After 10-20 hr of culture, both membrane and cytoplasmic PKC activity had declined to background levels.