(1) Therefore, in the cricket cercal sensory system, both regeneration of the central synapses following axotomy of the presynaptic sensory neurons and the normal rearrangement of connectivity during larval development appear not to require axonal action potentials.
(2) The action of the venom of the wasp Campsomeris sexmaculata on the insect CNS has been studied using the cercal nerve-giant interneuron preparation of the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach.
(3) Consistent with earlier anatomical findings, intracellular recordings from the GI somata showed that the majority of cercal inputs synapse on their own side of the ganglion in normal animals.
(4) Cercal ablation caused a significant loss in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the cercal nerves and terminal ganglion within 12 hr while a similar reduction in enzyme activity of connectives was noticed at least one day after cercectomy.
(5) We have found that the cercal displacement blocks one-third to one-half of the action potentials along the sensory nerve, possibly aiding in protection against such habituation.
(6) Model of signal processing in mechano-acoustical cercal system of insects is described in which the invariance of the perceived signal direction with respect to the positions of sense organs (cerci) is achieved due to connections of four central neurons with certain receptor groups on both cerci.
(7) Decreases in latency likely occur primarily as a result of increases in the rate of membrane depolarization in cercal dendrites.
(8) It was previously known that the cercal afferents excite ventral giant interneurons which then conduct information on wind stimuli to thoracic ganglia.
(9) (2) It was also observed that the projection of cercal sensory fibers in specimens reared with a single cercus differed from normal in that scattered fibers cross the midline in regions of the ganglion where none usually exist.
(10) The cercal system, which may have evolved with the first terrestrial hexapods, reaches its zenith in the orthopteroid insects, but was replaced in holometabolan insects by visual startle mechanisms with descending giant interneurons.
(11) These 'antidromic' potentials appeared singly or sometimes repetitively, especially after electrical stimulation of the cercal nerves.
(12) The different systems of GABAergic inhibitors in the ganglion are discussed; in particular we show that the fibres of cercal nerve X are not labelled.
(13) Such mechanisms may influence transsynaptically the synthesis and turnover of specific macromolecules, some of which may reside on the cell surface of insect central neurons that are part of the cercal sensory-giant interneuron system.
(14) The response dynamics of cercal afferents in the cockroach.
(15) Arguments are presented for a cercal afferent-to-CI reflex and the possible functional role of early excitation of CI is discussed.
(16) A gentle wind gust, caused by the predator's approach, excites cercal wind receptors, which encode both the presence and the direction of the stimulus.
(17) A novel approach using a Gaussian white noise as stimulus is described which allowed quantitative analysis of neuronal responses in the cercal system of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana.
(18) Both evoked EPSPs (stimulation of cercal nerve XI) and evoked IPSPs (stimulation of cercal nerve X) were greatly increased in amplitude although their duration (half-time) was unaltered.
(19) This includes activity of some motor axons controlling vibratory cercal movements and of some sensory axons.
(20) It is suggested that regenerating cercal afferents may depend in a facultative way on the cercal motor nerve as a pathway guide but there is as yet no clear evidence for a trophic influence from the central nervous system.
Cereal
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the grasses which are cultivated for their edible seeds (as wheat, maize, rice, etc.), or to their seeds or grain.
(n.) Any grass cultivated for its edible grain, or the grain itself; -- usually in the plural.
Example Sentences:
(1) Several oilseed and legume protein products were fed to rats as the sole source of dietary protein, and in blends with cereals for the determination of protein efficiency ratio (PER) and biological availability of amino acids.
(2) The processes of germination and gruel preparation of germinated materials contributed to the digestibility of weaning foods prepared from cereals and legumes.
(3) Samples of raw cereals imported in Italy and of other foodstuffs that can be treated with bromine-containing fumigants were analysed for the total bromide content.
(4) Wastewater from Mexico city is used to irrigate over 85 000 hectares, mainly of fodder and cereal crops in the Mezquital Valley.
(5) In cereals and legume seeds the activity of chymotrypsin inhibitors is generally lower than that of the trypsin inhibitors.
(6) The restaurant was already castigated by Channel Four News for serving £4 bowls of cereal in a borough in which thousands of poor families can’t afford to feed their children.
(7) A comparison was made of the kinetics of the carboxylation reaction of bicarbonate-magnesium-activated ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase purified from cold-hardened and unhardened winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv.
(8) Alkaline ribonuclease (pH optimum 7.6) was isolated from rye (Secale cereale L) germ cytosol and partially purified; the preparation was devoid of other nucleolytic activities.
(9) The data reported here indicates that Korean cereals harvested in 1984 are simultaneously contaminated with NIV, DON and ZEN, and the incidences and levels are similar to those observed in the cereals harvested in 1983.
(10) Although intestinal cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activity, as determined by benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, was greatly reduced (65-90%) in animals maintained on a semipurified control diet compared with standard cereal-based chow, there were no differences observed in heme oxygenase activity between the two dietary treatment groups.
(11) Foods such as legumes appear to be digested less rapidly than many cereal foods although even amongst these large differences in rates of in vitro digestion exist.
(12) Nuts, tomatoes, milk, eggs and cereals were most frequently involved.
(13) The effect of chain length and unsaturation on the haemolytic properties of cereal resorcinolic lipids, (5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols), was studied using isolated saturated, monoenoic and dienoic homologues.
(14) The completness of the lipids removal from the fish muscles and fish products was investigated by making extraction in a filtering separating funnel (FSF) formerly proposed for determining lipids in oil-bearing seeds and cereals.
(15) Canned spaghetti and meat balls, the TV dinner, canned chicken-and-vegetable baby food, and food bars had PER values between 91 and 73 per cent of that of casein, while PER values for ground beef and high-protein cereal were significantly higher than casein.
(16) Of 1353 cereal samples, 11.7% contained the mycotoxin; of 1372 samples of feed, 1.5%; of 368 bread samples, 17.2%; of 215 flour samples, 22.3%; of 894 porcine serum samples, 37.4%; and of 1065 human serum samples, 7.2%.
(17) "I'd just ask what type of breakfast cereal they like," he says.
(18) We face a number of technical challenges in reducing it further in our cereals.
(19) Two mixed-food breakfast meals composed predominantly of either red kidney beans or bran cereal were fed to six healthy young men.
(20) It contains the largest introns of all the cereal alpha-amylase-encoding genes examined to date.