(n.) The large lobe of the hind brain in front of and above the medulla; the little brain. It controls combined muscular action. See Brain.
Example Sentences:
(1) The presence of CR-related activity suggests that SpoV may participate in the CR motor output pathway, and may also provide CR-related information to cerebellum.
(2) No HRP-labeled axons were found in the facial and solitary nuclei and the cerebellum.
(3) Blood flows to contralateral cerebral hemispheric structures were relatively unchanged from prehypoxic values, whereas flows to the brainstem and cerebellum nearly doubled and tripled, respectively.
(4) The cerebellum was almost intact except for a few amyloid plaques.
(5) In general, the cerebellum showed a much delayed developmental pattern with regard to Purkinje cell spine formation.
(6) Incomplete penetrance of the simpler pattern suggests that this genetic locus interacts in a probabilistic manner with epigenetic mechanisms involved in morphogenesis of the cerebellum.
(7) The temporal changes in subunit messenger RNA levels in the cerebellum raise the possibility that synaptogenesis may play a role in receptor gene regulation in this brain region.
(8) Unexpectedly long retention times were noted for the chlorinated solvents, particularly for chloroforn, which showed a specific long-term retention in the cerebellum, meninges and spinal nerves, indicating interactions with specific nervous tissue receptors.
(9) Cells dissociated from 6-day rat cerebellum were seeded on glass coverslips coated with polylysine on one half and hyaluronectin on the other.
(10) Northern blot analyses showed no change in ubiquitin or PGP9.5 gene expression in hippocampus or cerebellum.
(11) Moderately higher GLUT3 mRNA levels were detected in the parietal lobe of the cerebrum, hippocampus, and cerebellum than the levels of GLUT1 transcripts.
(12) In the normal 79-day-old mouse cerebellum, the highest concentration of [3H]muscimol binding sites was observed in the granule cell layer.
(13) Fluorescent labels, injected into either the hindlimb muscles or the cerebellum, are retrogradely transported to motoneurones or dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurones respectively.
(14) The autonomic centers in the brain-stem and cerebellum were systematically affected in both the sporadic and the hereditary cases.
(15) Using an affinity-purified antiserum raised against the p36 heavy chain from bovine adrenal medulla, we have examined the cellular distribution of p36 in developing and adult cerebellum.
(16) Neutral aminopeptidase activity showed a significant decrease in the thalamus and cerebellum with marked (not significant) changes in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, medulla, and occipital cortex.
(17) cerebellum, basal ganglia and hypothalamus, reveal selectivity that fails to conform to conventional descriptions of functional systems.
(18) Tracking a moving target with the index finger defined a network of focal responses of relative cerebral blood flow (relCBF) located in the primary motor cortex, dorsal parietal cortex, precuneate cortex, supplementary motor area (SMA) and ipsilateral anterior cerebellum relative to visual tracking alone.
(19) Naloxone-displaceable binding was observed in all regions of the brain, with a density ranking order of cerebellum greater than telencephalon greater than optic tectum greater than hypothalamus greater than brain stem greater than pituitary gland.
(20) The potency of several selective and non-selective ligands for benzodiazepine receptors for inhibition of the binding of [3H]flunitrazepam was compared in membranes from human or rat brain cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
Flocculus
Definition:
(n.) A small lobe in the under surface of the cerebellum, near the middle peduncle; the subpeduncular lobe.
Example Sentences:
(1) The chief characteristics of stage 18 (approximately 44 postovulatory days) are rapidly growing basal nuclei; appearance of the extraventricular bulge of the cerebellum (flocculus), of the superior cerebellar peduncle, and of follicles in the epiphysis cerebri; and the presence of vomeronasal organ and ganglion, of the bucconasal membrane, and of isolated semicircular ducts.
(2) Nucleocortical fibers from the posterior interposed nucleus projected principally to the paramedian lobule, to the medial hemispheric area of Crus I and the lobus simplex, and to the flocculus and paraflocculus.
(3) S-Adenosylhomocysteine metabolism was studied in cell extracts of streptonigrin-producing Streptomyces flocculus.
(4) The projections onto the flocculus and paraflocculus are precisely organized.
(5) About one-third of the axon spikes examined in the flocculus responded to horizontal head angular acceleration.
(6) The flocculus receives afferents bilaterally from the superior, medial and descending vestibular nucleus, group y, the interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve and also from the abducent nucleus.
(7) Extracellular recordings were made from afferents to the Purkinje cells of the flocculus of monkeys either spontaneously making saccadic eye movements (saccades) or trained to fixate a small visual target projected on a tangent screen.
(8) Electrical stimulation of the flocculus or uvula evoked the early and late climbing fiber responses in the nodulus.
(9) Sparse terminals derived from the rostral flocculus were found in the prepositus hypoglossal nucleus.
(10) The cerebellar flocculus was mapped with local stimulation techniques in alert pigmented rabbits.
(11) Modulations in discharges of Purkinje cells (P cells) associated with movements of visual patterns were studied in the flocculus of monkeys trained to execute smooth-pursuit eye movements and to suppress optokinetic nystagmus.
(12) Activity of single units was recorded in the flocculus of alert, behaving monkeys during sinusoidal optokinetic (0.02-5.0 Hz), constant velocity optokinetic, vestibular and visual-vestibular conflict stimulation.
(13) In view of the important role of these same lobules in the control of the vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and optokinetic (OKR) responses, we tested the effect of microinjections of cholinergic (ant)agonists in the flocculus of the rabbit on these reflexes.
(14) These data reveal a permanent deficit in the HOKR, but not the HVOR, following unilateral floccular lesions and are consistent with the idea that the flocculus contributes to the regulation of the low-velocity eye movements through the inhibitory modulation of the activity of the subjacent vestibular nuclei.
(15) Brain Res., 85 (1991) 475-481) showed that injection of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the cerebellar flocculi had a pronounced facilitatory effect on the gains of the optokinetic (OKR) and vestibulo-ocular (VOR) reflexes, suggesting a positive modulatory role of the cholinergic system in the flocculus.
(16) Anterogradely labeled axons collected at the base of the injected folia and coursed caudally and medially between the middle cerebellar peduncle and the flocculus.
(17) Bilateral microinjections into the cerebellar flocculus of the rabbit of carbachol, a general cholinergic agonist, profoundly affect vestibuloocular (VOR) and optokinetic (OKR) reflexes.
(18) On the other hand, most neurons in the VY receive monosynaptic inputs from the i8N, and some of these neurons project to the ipsilateral flocculus.
(19) Other, parallel VOR pathways do not receive inputs from the flocculus and are not subject to learning.
(20) Implantation of the orifice of the duct with a flocculus of the skin into the oral cavity was performed with a good result.