What's the difference between cessation and lobeline?
Cessation
Definition:
(n.) A ceasing or discontinuance, as of action, whether temporary or final; a stop; as, a cessation of the war.
Example Sentences:
(1) However, after the cessation of this treatment Streptococcus viridans grew in her blood again.
(2) We found no statistically significant difference in one-year, biochemically validated, sustained cessation rates between the group offered the long-term follow-up visits (12.5%) and the group given the brief intervention (10.2%).
(3) Because of these different direct and indirect actions, a sudden cessation of sinus node activity or sudden AV block may result in the diseased heart in a prolonged and even fatal cardiac standstill, especially if the tolerance to ischemia of other organs (notably the brain) is decreased.
(4) In the case of the reticulum cell sarcoma, the tumor had not reappeared in some of the animals two months after cessation of treatment.
(5) These results suggest that a lowered basal energy expenditure and a reduced glucose-induced thermogenesis contribute to the positive energy balance which results in relapse of body weight gain after cessation of a hypocaloric diet.
(6) These results suggest that weight change during smoking reduction and cessation may be primarily due to changes in factors other than caloric intake or activity.
(7) After cessation of exposures, HEVal was lost faster than predicted by the normal erythrocyte life span alone.
(8) These findings resolved upon cessation of timolol and reappeared on 3 occasions shortly after reinstitution of the beta blocker therapy.
(9) Differential plating yielded relatively pure populations of chromaffin cells that demonstrated excellent viability if processed within 2 hours after cessation of the gland's circulation.
(10) Infected explants exhibited cytopathological changes that correlated well with cessation of ciliary activity.
(11) Measurements of mouth opening were made for up to 10 min after loss of the adductor pollicis twitch and cessation of muscle fasciculations.
(12) Cessation of coital activity was associated with specified types of stress between 65 and 70 years of age in the subgroup of men who had stopped due to inability; six out of eight reported stress against five out of 20 in the C group, P less than 0.05.
(13) When intracellular recordings were made from muscle cells of the sinus venosus, it was found that applied acetylcholine caused bradycardia and a cessation of the heart beat which was associated with membrane hyperpolarization and a reduction in the duration of the action potentials.
(14) After cessation her previously regular menstrual periods became very irregular and complete amenorrhea had lasted 4 months.
(15) These reversible changes in adrenergic regulation after smoking cessation may be associated with the relatively rapid reduction in cardiovascular disease risk among ex-smokers.
(16) Arterial blood samples were collected during the base-line period (after pressure fluctuations had stabilized, with the cats spontaneously breathing room air), 2.5 minutes after the onset of arrest (defined as the cessation of aortic pressure fluctuations), and after 10 minutes of CPR.
(17) After cessation of the aldosterone blockade, BW increased 1.9%, PV 10.5% while PRA and PA fell 60% and 48.9%, respectively.
(18) We report three cases of exceptionally late recurrences of childhood ALL after cessation of chemotherapy (CT) given for respective periods of 8, 7, and 24 months.
(19) Disruption of the rhythmic activity of the inspiratory neurons and its replacement by a continuous and irregular discharge may lead to sustained contraction of inspiratory muscles and cessation of respiration.
(20) However, this activity was not detectable right after the cessation of IFN administration.
Lobeline
Definition:
(n.) A poisonous narcotic alkaloid extracted from the leaves of Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata) as a yellow oil, having a tobaccolike taste and odor.
Example Sentences:
(1) Additional experiments demonstrated that lobeline suppressed the conversion of exogenous progesterone to testosterone, but did not affect the conversion of exogenous 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to testosterone.
(2) Bath superfusion of nicotine or the nicotinic stimulants dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), lobeline, cytisine, tetramethylammonium or suberyldicholine (up to 100 microM) had little or no effect on the extracellular N-wave amplitude, or the membrane potential, input resistance or excitability of olfactory neurones recorded intracellularly.
(3) Interestingly, in the presence of the ganglionic stimulants DMPP (n = 6 slices) or lobeline (n = 5 slices) (10-50 microM), the effects of carbachol or oxotremorine-M were antagonized in a weak competitive-type manner (pA2 values = 5.58 and 5.63 respectively, estimated from Schild plots, constrained to unity slope).
(4) Although ineffective as stimulators of steroidogenesis by themselves, the three nicotinic receptor-selective agonists lobeline, dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP), and phenyltrimethylammonium iodide (PTMA) inhibited FSH-induced progesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one production in dose-dependent fashions.
(5) Based on the concentrations in brain and known affinities for high-affinity nicotine binding sites, in vivo tests should show cytisine to be slightly more potent than nicotine and lobeline to have nicotine effects in the doses used.
(6) Lobeline inhibition of hCG-stimulated testosterone production was accompanied by decreases in medium accumulation of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (75%), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (85%), dehydroepiandrosterone (50%), and androstenedione (61%); however, the medium content of pregnenolone and progesterone were unchanged.
(7) In addition we found that (-)nicotine, (+)nicotine, and lobeline, but not the nicotine metabolite (-)cotinine nor acetylcholine, were able to displace [3H]dizocilpine ([3H]MK 801) binding in well-washed membranes obtained from rat brain.
(8) The lobeline sulphate seems to produce both in SEEG and hippocampus a shift toward low frequencies and in amygdala a drift toward high frequencies.
(9) Previous work has suggested that cytisine and lobeline are of low potency in producing nicotine-like behavioural effects, despite having some nicotine-like peripheral effects and potently inhibiting the binding of tritiated nicotine to the brain of the rat.
(10) Lobeline failed to produce a nicotine-like discriminative effect, even at doses that greatly reduced overall rates of responding.
(11) One of the most potent antagonists to nicotine was alpha-lobeline.
(12) Bilateral lesions of the paramedian reticular area of medulla destroying the PRN, abolished or reversed the depressor response to electrical stimulation of myelinated fibres of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN), attenuated the depressor response to carotid sinus stretch and augmented the pressor response to chemoreceptor stimulation by lobeline.
(13) Repeated administration of DMPP did not cause a tachphylaxis, however, lobeline and nicotine did induce a tachphylaxis.
(14) The N-cholinomimetic -- lobeline potentiates the evoked response of the brain cortex, whereas the N-cholinolytic -- beta-ethylene-splasmolytin -- depresses it.
(15) The rank order of inhibitory potencies was lobeline greater than DMPP greater than PTMA with IC50 values of 2 X 10(-6) M, 3 X 10(-5) M, and 3 X 10(-4) M, respectively.
(16) The pKa of (-)-lobeline HCl at 25 degrees C is 8.6 (approx), indicating that (-)-lobeline is at least 90% in the protonated form at physiological pH (7.6).
(17) The clastogenicity of lobeline and possible interactions between lobeline and ethyl alcohol were investigated in a mutagen-sensitivity assay on cultures of human lymphoblastoid cell lines.
(18) The effects of ethylketazocine (EKC) administered intraperitoneally and the nicotinic ligands (-)- and (+)-nicotine, (-)-cytisine, (-)-lobeline, and (+)-2-methylpiperidine administered into the 4th ventricle on the latency of the thermally evoked withdrawal reflex of the decerebrate rat were investigated.
(19) Lobeline administration induced an hyperpnea due to both an increase in tidal volume and respiratory rate; this increase in ventilation lasted for about 90 s and was accompanied by a sharp rise in the respiratory peak airflows, especially the expiratory ones.
(20) To determine whether this effect is elicited by other nicotinic agonists found in tobacco, the effects of chronic infusion with nicotine on brain nicotinic receptors were compared with those after anabasine and lobeline.