(1) Mebendazole can be used against numerous nematode-infections (Ascariasis, Trichuriasis, Oxyuriasis, Ancylostomiasis), Niclosamide against cestode-infections (Taeniasis, Hymenolepiasis, Diphyllobothriasis), whereas, Praziquantel is applied against trematode-infections.
(2) The ecological and evolutionary relationships behind the patterns found for larval cestodes are discussed.
(3) Over 60 forms of parasites were found out as follows: three species of blood parasites, 12 species of Coccidia, 8 species of cestodes, 12 species of nematodes, one species of Acanthocephalus, three species of chigger mites, 15 species of gamasid mites, 6 species of ixodid ticks, fleas and lice.
(4) Cestode infections include diphyllobothriasis transmitted by both fresh water fish and fish from brackish waters.
(5) Hymenolepis nana (von Siebold, 1852), the dwarf tapeworm causing hymenolepiasis, has been reported to be the common intestinal cestode of rodents and man throughout the world.
(6) This 83% average reduction in the prevalence of the larval cestode within the village reflects a corresponding reduction in the risk of acquiring by the residents of the village.
(7) Two nematode species, one acanthocephalan species, and unidentified cestodes were recovered from a total of 481 northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from January 1982 to December 1983 in southern Texas.
(8) The only recent reports of cestode studies in these countries have been on reports of new species in animals and on prevalence rates of cestode parasites in humans; Taenia solium and cysticercosis, Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana, etc.
(9) The complex epidemiology of cestode diseases is another research subject that has benefited from the successful application of the tools of biotechnology.
(10) Other cestodes, Spirometra erinacei and Taenia saginata, used as controls showed quite different restriction fragment patterns with all the enzymes used.
(11) The larval flea diet had a small effect on the subsequent cestode development and the adult fleas' reaction to it.
(12) Research towards developing serological tests for the diagnosis of larval cestode infection in animals has been largely unsuccessful.
(13) Hymenolepis macrorchida (Kotlan, 1921), a cestode of New Guinea parrots, possessing a small number (3 to 4) of testicles, belonging to the family Hymenolepididae to which it has been assigned for more than half of the century, is transferred to the family Davaineidae and designated as Idiogenoides macrorchida (Kotlan, 1921) comb.
(14) Heterogeneity of the worm body in respect to transport processes and their dependence on the physiological state of cestodes are discovered.
(15) A single, low oral or subcutaneous dose of the compound is reliably effective against all tested juvenile and adult cestodes in cats, dogs and sheep.
(16) In common with other taeniid cestodes, host or host-like proteins, especially immunoglobulins, occur on the surface and in the cyst fluid of Taenia crassiceps metacestodes.
(17) Clelandia seems to confirm that the genus Parvitaenia is a nucleus of evolutionary radiation among cestodes of the Ciconiiformes, with peculiar traits in the Australian region, and that it isn't a homogeneous unit.
(18) The helminth epidermis, or tegument, plays important roles in protection and nutrient acquisition; cestodes, in fact, completely lack a gastrointestinal tract and absorb all nutritive material through the tegument.
(19) Of 197 foxes examined by autopsy, 22 harboured cestodes: two (1.02%) had E. granulosus, nine (4.57%) T. polyacantha, eight (4.06%) T. pisiformis, two (1.02%) T. serialis, one (0.51%) D. caninum and one (0.51%) Mesocestoides sp.
(20) Ninety-seven farms had at least one infected dog, and cestodes were found in 161 of the 882 dogs examined.