What's the difference between chalkstone and tophus?
Chalkstone
Definition:
(n.) A mass of chalk.
(n.) A chalklike concretion, consisting mainly of urate of sodium, found in and about the small joints, in the external ear, and in other situations, in those affected with gout; a tophus.
Example Sentences:
Tophus
Definition:
(n.) One of the mineral concretions about the joints, and in other situations, occurring chiefly in gouty persons. They consist usually of urate of sodium; when occurring in the internal organs they are also composed of phosphate of calcium.
(n.) Calcareous tufa.
Example Sentences:
(1) Seven-to-14-week-old pullets from this facility had multifocal renal tubular necrosis leading to interstitial fibrosis, tophus formation, and tubular dilation.
(2) A rare case of gouty tophus localized to the temporomandibular joint is reported on by which alimentary troubles were caused.
(3) After 1 month, the kidneys showed the previously described histologic features of urate-blockade nephropathy characterized by intratubular deposits, tubular injury, and an exudative response consisting of neutrophilic granulocytes with early tophus formation.
(4) The authors report a rare case of tophus situated in the optic nerve and coexisting with aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery.
(5) We describe an elderly woman presenting acutely with tophus formation mimicking infection, in whom diuretic therapy was responsible for her disease.
(6) Almost all the sites of tophus-like deposits of CPPD crystals and the degenerated matrix containing low concentrations of scattered CPPD crystals stained strongly with Sudan III.
(7) In the gout tophus, macrophage migration appears to be at a relatively low level and effectively terminates once these cells have been recruited into the corona.
(8) Tophus formation at the temporomandibular joint with extension into the fossa infratemporalis has been mentioned only three times in the world literature.
(9) A case of extradural gouty tophus in the lumbar region in a teen-age girl is presented as an addition to the differential diagnosis of erosive lesions of the spinal canal.
(10) Both tophus-derived and synthetic crystals appeared to be weak hemolytic agents.
(11) Endoscopic biopsy revealed a tophus of the true vocal cord with characteristic birefringent crystalline deposits and giant cell granuloma.
(12) Monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) crystals derived from a tophus surgically removed from patients suffering from gout and MSUM prepared from a supersaturated solution of sodium urate were studied and compared with respect to their ability to: (1) stimulate chemiluminescence (CL) production by human polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, (2) induce hemolysis of the human red blood cells and (3) induce inflammation when injected in the rat paw and knee joint.
(13) -In the present paper, the authors report on the extraordinary location of an urate tophus in the fossa infratemporalis - in this case, there was even destruction of the middle base of the skull - which had been misinterpreted for years, having been diagnosed as a primary disease of the parotid gland.
(14) A burn precipitated one bulla, showing that local tissue injury can be a factor in tophus localization.
(15) Subcutaneous cholesterol crystal deposition with tophus formation is extremely rare and has been described in a patient with scleroderma and calcinosis cutis.
(16) The findings suggest that acini of macrophages are formed and that active cellular transport of urate from the interstitial fluid into the central zones of these structures accounts for the focal nature of crystallization within the tophus.
(17) A typical gouty tophus with birefringent, dichroic, needle shaped crystals was found in a resected calcified aortic valve on routine histological examination.
(18) Fresh tophaceous material from a patient with gout contained significant levels of TNF alpha and cells cultured from the tophus produced TNF alpha in vitro.
(19) Evidence of an axial skeletal tophus causing an irritative radiculopathy via mass effect is presented.
(20) Each of those formulations of a pathogenetic role for crystals may be true in a given case, analogous to the etiology of primary and secondary forms of hyperuricemia and to sodium urate crystal deposition coexistent with osteoarthritis (tophus formation in Heberden's nodes).