(n.) The hollow bed where a stream of water runs or may run.
(n.) The deeper part of a river, harbor, strait, etc., where the main current flows, or which affords the best and safest passage for vessels.
(n.) A strait, or narrow sea, between two portions of lands; as, the British Channel.
(n.) That through which anything passes; means of passing, conveying, or transmitting; as, the news was conveyed to us by different channels.
(n.) A gutter; a groove, as in a fluted column.
(n.) Flat ledges of heavy plank bolted edgewise to the outside of a vessel, to increase the spread of the shrouds and carry them clear of the bulwarks.
(v. t.) To form a channel in; to cut or wear a channel or channels in; to groove.
(v. t.) To course through or over, as in a channel.
Example Sentences:
(1) These channels may, at least in some cases, be responsible for the generation of pacemaker depolarizations, thereby regulating firing behaviour.
(2) The influence of the various concepts for the induction of lateral structure formation in lipid membranes on integral functional units like ionophores is demonstrated by analysing the single channel current fluctuations of gramicidin in bimolecular lipid membranes.
(3) RNAs encoding a wild-type (RBK1) and a mutant (RBK1(Y379V,V381T); RBK1*) subunit of voltage-dependent potassium channels were injected into Xenopus oocytes.
(4) The dramas are part of the BBC2 controller Janice Hadlow's plans for her "unashamedly intelligent" channel over the coming months.
(5) This was unlike the action of the calcium channel blocker, cadmium, which reduced the calcium action potential and the a.h.p.
(6) Circuitry has been developed to feed the output of an ear densitogram pickup into one channel of a two-channel Holter monitor.
(7) It is concluded the decrease in cellular volume associated with substitution of serosal gluconate for Cl results in a loss of highly specific Ba2+-sensitive K+ conductance channels from the basolateral plasma membrane.
(8) Stimulation of atrial H1-receptors is suggested to directly cause an increase in Ca-channel conductance independent of intracellular cAMP content.
(9) Similarly, 50 microM D-600, a Ca+2 channel antagonist, significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced basal and 5-HETE-induced PRL release.
(10) The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of cromakalim (BRL 34915), a potent drug from a new class of drugs characterized as "K+ channel openers", on the electrical activity of human skeletal muscle.
(11) This promotion of repetitive activity by the introduction of additional potassium channels occurred up to an "optimal" value beyond which a further increase in paranodal potassium permeability narrowed the range of currents with a repetitive response.
(12) Channel activation persists through the process of platelet isolation and washing and is manifested in higher measured values of [Ca2+]cyt and [Ca2+]dt in the "resting state."
(13) At 100 microM-ACh the apparent open time became shorter probably due to channel blockade by ACh molecules.
(14) The effects of low doses of dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel antagonists nimodipine, nifedipine, (-)-R-202-791, and amlodipine, the DHP calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 were investigated on clonic convulsions to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice.
(15) The following model is suggested: exogenous ATP interacts with a membrane receptor in the presence of Ca2+, a cascade of events occurs which mobilizes intracellular calcium, thereby increasing the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration which consequently opens the calcium-activated K+ channels, which then leads to a change in membrane potential.
(16) SDS-PAGE analysis of the immunoprecipitates under reducing conditions revealed that the cardiac channel is mainly composed of two large polypeptides of 190 and 150 kDa, and five smaller polypeptides of 60, 55, 35, 30, and 25 kDa.
(17) In the presence of high external Cl, a component of outward current that was inhibited by the anion channel blocker diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) appeared in 70% of the cells.
(18) In vitro studies in cardiac Purkinje fibers suggested that reversal of amitriptyline-induced cardiac membrane effects by sodium bicarbonate may be attributed not only to alkalinization but also to increased in extracellular sodium concentration, diminishing the local anesthetic action of amitriptyline and resulting in less sodium channel block.
(19) The Ca2+ channel current recorded under identical conditions in rat dorsal root ganglion neurones was less sensitive to blockade by PCP (IC50, 90 microM).
(20) In voltage-clamp experiments the ion current flowing through the channels was homogeneous indicating a defined conformation and a uniform size.
Pathway
Definition:
(n.) A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively.
Example Sentences:
(1) Isotope competition studies indicated that the pathway was regulated by isoleucine.
(2) Theophylline kinetics, as an in vivo probe for the potentially toxic cytochrome P-450I pathway of drug metabolism, were studied in 11 healthy volunteers and 11 patients with calcific chronic pancreatitis at Madras, South India.
(3) Enhanced sensitivity to ITDs should translate to better-defined azimuthal receptive fields, and therefore may be a step toward achieving an optimal representation of azimuth within the auditory pathway.
(4) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(5) External exposures to a contaminated fishing net and fishing boat are considered pathways for fishermen.
(6) During electrophysiologic study, the effect of propafenone on the effective refractory period of the accessory pathway was determined, as well as its effect during orthodromic atrioventricular (AV) reentrant tachycardia and atrial fibrillation.
(7) It is possible that the high level of radiolabeled phospholipid found in the plasma membrane arose via the de novo pathway following the cleavage of an acyl group as we have found cytidine diphosphocholine phosphotransferase in the plasma membrane fraction (Wang, P., DeChatelet, L.R., and Waite, M. (1977) Biochim.
(8) The possibility that both IL 2 production and IL 2R expression are autonomously activated early in T cell development, before acquisition of the CD3-TcR complex, led us to study the implication of alternative pathways of activation at this ontogenic stage.
(9) It is concluded that TRH is a specific activator of enteric excitatory pathways and that duodenal inhibition seen in control animals is a consequence of gastro-duodenal inhibitory reflexes.
(10) The sites of action for somatostatin and epinephrine to inhibit insulin secretion have been reported to be exclusively in the exocytotic pathway.
(11) The presence of CR-related activity suggests that SpoV may participate in the CR motor output pathway, and may also provide CR-related information to cerebellum.
(12) Further exploration of these excretory pathways will provide interesting new insights on the numerous cholestatic and hyperbilirubinemic syndromes that occur in nature.
(13) Electrical stimulation of afferent pathways at intensities just below threshold for eliciting action potentials resulted in a dramatic decrease in JSCP threshold.
(14) The perforant pathway and fimbria fornix were transected to label afferent fibers to NPY-positive cells.
(15) Initiation of the alternative pathway by the cryptococcal capsule is characterized by a lag in C3 accumulation and the appearance of a limited number of focal initiation sites which resemble those observed when the alternative pathway is activated by zymosan and nonencapsulated cryptococci.
(16) Utilizing a range of operative Michaelis-Menten parameters that characterize phenytoin elimination via a single capacity-limited pathway, a situation assuming instantaneous absorption (case I) is compared with the situation in which continuous constant-rate absorption occurs (case II).
(17) This heretogeneity occurred mainly as a progressive, decreasing gradient in the first half of this pathway, between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the mi-cisternae of the Golgi apparatus.
(18) There was also a significant increase in the mitochondrial proton conductance pathway of brown adipose tissue, assessed from the binding of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to mitochondria isolated from the interscapular (89% above control) and perirenal and para-aortic depots (130%).
(19) This quantitative characterization of the properties of conduction and refractoriness of both the accessory pathway and ventriculoatrial conduction system and the relation between these characteristics and the accessory pathway location in ART patients provides additional insight into the prerequisites for the initiation and maintenance of this rhythm disturbance.
(20) Gliomas of the pregeniculate anterior visual pathways comprise about 5% of all intracranial tumors that occur in the first decade of life.