(n.) The hollow bed where a stream of water runs or may run.
(n.) The deeper part of a river, harbor, strait, etc., where the main current flows, or which affords the best and safest passage for vessels.
(n.) A strait, or narrow sea, between two portions of lands; as, the British Channel.
(n.) That through which anything passes; means of passing, conveying, or transmitting; as, the news was conveyed to us by different channels.
(n.) A gutter; a groove, as in a fluted column.
(n.) Flat ledges of heavy plank bolted edgewise to the outside of a vessel, to increase the spread of the shrouds and carry them clear of the bulwarks.
(v. t.) To form a channel in; to cut or wear a channel or channels in; to groove.
(v. t.) To course through or over, as in a channel.
Example Sentences:
(1) These channels may, at least in some cases, be responsible for the generation of pacemaker depolarizations, thereby regulating firing behaviour.
(2) The influence of the various concepts for the induction of lateral structure formation in lipid membranes on integral functional units like ionophores is demonstrated by analysing the single channel current fluctuations of gramicidin in bimolecular lipid membranes.
(3) RNAs encoding a wild-type (RBK1) and a mutant (RBK1(Y379V,V381T); RBK1*) subunit of voltage-dependent potassium channels were injected into Xenopus oocytes.
(4) The dramas are part of the BBC2 controller Janice Hadlow's plans for her "unashamedly intelligent" channel over the coming months.
(5) This was unlike the action of the calcium channel blocker, cadmium, which reduced the calcium action potential and the a.h.p.
(6) Circuitry has been developed to feed the output of an ear densitogram pickup into one channel of a two-channel Holter monitor.
(7) It is concluded the decrease in cellular volume associated with substitution of serosal gluconate for Cl results in a loss of highly specific Ba2+-sensitive K+ conductance channels from the basolateral plasma membrane.
(8) Stimulation of atrial H1-receptors is suggested to directly cause an increase in Ca-channel conductance independent of intracellular cAMP content.
(9) Similarly, 50 microM D-600, a Ca+2 channel antagonist, significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced basal and 5-HETE-induced PRL release.
(10) The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of cromakalim (BRL 34915), a potent drug from a new class of drugs characterized as "K+ channel openers", on the electrical activity of human skeletal muscle.
(11) This promotion of repetitive activity by the introduction of additional potassium channels occurred up to an "optimal" value beyond which a further increase in paranodal potassium permeability narrowed the range of currents with a repetitive response.
(12) Channel activation persists through the process of platelet isolation and washing and is manifested in higher measured values of [Ca2+]cyt and [Ca2+]dt in the "resting state."
(13) At 100 microM-ACh the apparent open time became shorter probably due to channel blockade by ACh molecules.
(14) The effects of low doses of dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel antagonists nimodipine, nifedipine, (-)-R-202-791, and amlodipine, the DHP calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 were investigated on clonic convulsions to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice.
(15) The following model is suggested: exogenous ATP interacts with a membrane receptor in the presence of Ca2+, a cascade of events occurs which mobilizes intracellular calcium, thereby increasing the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration which consequently opens the calcium-activated K+ channels, which then leads to a change in membrane potential.
(16) SDS-PAGE analysis of the immunoprecipitates under reducing conditions revealed that the cardiac channel is mainly composed of two large polypeptides of 190 and 150 kDa, and five smaller polypeptides of 60, 55, 35, 30, and 25 kDa.
(17) In the presence of high external Cl, a component of outward current that was inhibited by the anion channel blocker diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) appeared in 70% of the cells.
(18) In vitro studies in cardiac Purkinje fibers suggested that reversal of amitriptyline-induced cardiac membrane effects by sodium bicarbonate may be attributed not only to alkalinization but also to increased in extracellular sodium concentration, diminishing the local anesthetic action of amitriptyline and resulting in less sodium channel block.
(19) The Ca2+ channel current recorded under identical conditions in rat dorsal root ganglion neurones was less sensitive to blockade by PCP (IC50, 90 microM).
(20) In voltage-clamp experiments the ion current flowing through the channels was homogeneous indicating a defined conformation and a uniform size.
Shuttle
Definition:
(n.) An instrument used in weaving for passing or shooting the thread of the woof from one side of the cloth to the other between the threads of the warp.
(n.) The sliding thread holder in a sewing machine, which carries the lower thread through a loop of the upper thread, to make a lock stitch.
(n.) A shutter, as for a channel for molten metal.
(v. i.) To move backwards and forwards, like a shuttle.
Example Sentences:
(1) Transfer of the shuttle vectors from B. uniformis donors to E. coli occurred at the same frequencies when the matings were done aerobically or anaerobically.
(2) The effects of perinatal malnutrition on behavioural development and adult shuttle-box avoidance performance were studied in Swiss white mice.
(3) The chimeric shuttle vector was transformed into strain GS-5, and two transformants (TK15 and TK18) were isolated.
(4) The effect of angiotensin II (ATII) and of its interactions with dopaminergic drugs injected post-trial on retention in active avoidance tasks in shuttle-box-trained rats were studied.
(5) No effect was observed on the [6-3H]glucose half-life suggesting the dicarboxylic acid shuttle is unaffected by adrenalectomy; the Cori cycle is also not influenced.
(6) The implication that attenuation is due to the inhibition of energy transport via a PCr shuttle resulting in the decrease of ATP and accumulation of inhibitory levels of ADP distally has been supported by calculating sperm PCr and ATP levels resulting from diffusion along the flagellum.
(7) These results are consistent with data previously obtained by others in the supF shuttle vector system and the CHO aprt gene.
(8) The use of a new single long-terminal-repeat retroviral shuttle vector has allowed us to obtain copies of the Ld gene with the first seven exons spliced correctly, as well as many other partially spliced or aberrantly recombined copies.
(9) In addition, shuttle vectors that can be established both in Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli have been constructed by adding a pMB9 replicon.
(10) To gain insight into the mechanisms by which carcinogens induce mutations in human cells, we have been comparing the frequency and spectrum of mutations induced when a shuttle vector, pS189, carrying covalently bound residues of structurally related carcinogens, replicates in human 293 cells.
(11) A possible functional role for LDH isoenzyme X is proposed: the redox couple-2-oxo acid-2-hydroxy acid could integrate a shuttle system transferring reducing equivalents from cytoplasm to mitochondria.
(12) In contrast to these enzymes, the levels of cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (cGPDH), the enzyme representative of the alpha-glycerophosphate shuttle, were higher (25%) in the type II fibres.
(13) In cells from hypothyroid animals, a 58% depression of glucose formation and 68% reduction in ureogenesis were induced by n-butylmalonate, an inhibitor of the malate shuttle.
(14) It has recently been shown that transport of electron opaque tracers can occur via the vesicular system, but the detailed ultrastructure is inconsistent with the transcytotic shuttling of single vesicles.
(15) The fragment mediates an increased level of methicillin resistance when inserted into a shuttle vector and transformed back into the sensitive strain generated when the original DNA was deleted.
(16) Rats were trained to perform shuttle responses to a buzzer in four different situations: pseudoconditioning or D test (buzzers and footshocks presented at random), classical conditioning or DP test (buzzers and footshocks paired on every trial), avoidance without stimulus pairing or DC test (buzzer-shock intervals varied at random, shocks contingent upon non-emission of a shuttle response to the preceding buzzer), and standard two-way avoidance or DPC test (buzzers paired to shocks, but the latter omitted every time there was shuttling to the buzzer).
(17) A Thermus-E. coli shuttle vector pYK109 was constructed.
(18) This shuttle may function at specific times to catalytically generate cytosolic NADP+ and in turn regulate enzymes limited by [NADP+].
(19) Lack of actin filaments around giant vacuoles in Schlemm's canal indicates that they do not play a role in shuttling aqueous across the endothelium of the canal.
(20) In addition, prenatal alcohol exposure produced a deficit in acquisition and performance of a shuttle-avoidance task.