What's the difference between charade and sham?

Charade


Definition:

  • (n.) A verbal or acted enigma based upon a word which has two or more significant syllables or parts, each of which, as well as the word itself, is to be guessed from the descriptions or representations.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) When we arrived, he would instruct us to spend the morning composing a song or a poem, or inventing a joke or a charade.
  • (2) He was a lateral and fearless thinker for whom the presentation of ideas was like a game of intellectual charades, with a few clues as to the meaning of the work thrown in every now and again.
  • (3) Ranieri's dismissal doubtless came as a relief to him, ending a charade that saw him summoned to two meetings with Chelsea's chief executive Peter Kenyon over the past week at which he was asked to discuss his future plans for the club.
  • (4) Trimming, triangulating, sneaking small policy advantages and wallowing in the narcissism of small differences, the parties seemed locked in a distant and disreputable Westminster charade.
  • (5) The recent parliamentary elections, widely dismissed as a charade, tend to confirm US views.
  • (6) Ernest Hemingway is the key performer in this charade, his characterisation of Stein as “a woman who isn’t a woman” a crude mirroring of his own gender fears.
  • (7) She decided to carry on with the charade and answer real questions about policy during the debate.
  • (8) By the end of the 1960s he had a considerable reputation as a novelist (his first, Charade, drawing on his Crown Film Unit experience, and unrelated to the movie, appeared in 1947) and playwright, and had played an important role in the abolition of the death penalty and the passage of the Theatres Act, which saw off that bane of the British stage, the Lord Chamberlain's power of censorship – not that his own work had ever been in danger from this quarter.
  • (9) Do not use our music or my voice for your 1) September 9, 2015 Mike Mills (@m_millsey) ...moronic charade of a campaign."
  • (10) The judge told Gray that her dependence on Butler was so deep that she was prepared to do anything for him, including participating in the “grotesque charade” of a 999 call two hours after Ellie was murdered.
  • (11) At all events, we are back to the old days of appointments not applications, and a lot of distinguished candidates have been the victims of what became a complete charade.
  • (12) One of those on the previous committee confided that the entire procedure was a charade, but a good networking opportunity.
  • (13) Scrutiny of EU measures Parliamentary proceedings are increasingly "becoming a charade" because of the amount of EU measures parliament has to pass unamended, Tory ex-chancellor Lord Lamont complained, saying: "Fifty percent of all major British legislation starts in the EU".
  • (14) Rights groups have accused Sisi’s regime of using the judiciary as a tool to oppress opposition, with Amnesty International denouncing the death sentence as “a charade based on null and void procedures”.
  • (15) The advantage of the internet is that it has taken away the charade of politics.
  • (16) Shaker might wonder out loud why Britain went along with President Bush’s deadly charade.
  • (17) Egypt has pardoned and released two al-Jazeera journalists who had been jailed for disseminating “false news” in a trial widely criticised as a political charade by human rights groups and international observers.
  • (18) "Now it appears that the entire process was a charade.
  • (19) He concluded by saying: “This unhappy sequence of events drives me to the conclusion either that Mr Kovtun never in truth intended to give evidence and that this has been a charade.
  • (20) Mousavi said this morning: "I personally strongly protest the many obvious violations and I'm warning I will not surrender to this dangerous charade.

Sham


Definition:

  • (n.) That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug.
  • (n.) A false front, or removable ornamental covering.
  • (a.) False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight.
  • (v. t.) To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
  • (v. t.) To obtrude by fraud or imposition.
  • (v. t.) To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign.
  • (v. i.) To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The results indicated that smoke, as opposed to sham puffs, significantly reduced reports of cigarette craving, and local anesthesia significantly blocked this immediate reduction in craving produced by smoke inhalation.
  • (2) Five days later, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group 1 received intracranial implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 2 received intraperitoneal implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 3 received serial intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone; and Group 4 received sham treatment.
  • (3) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
  • (4) Meanwhile Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, waiting anxiously for news of the scale of the Labour advance in his first nationwide electoral test, will urge the electorate not to be duped by the promise of a coalition mark 2, predicting sham concessions by the Conservatives .
  • (5) The plasma renin activity of the 1 day post-stenosis rats showed 65% higher activity than the sham controls with no significant change in the 30-60 days post-stenosis.
  • (6) The results indicate that, regardless of the photoperiod, no clear functional relationship can be found between the avian pineal gland and thyroid function, although a transitory increase in T4 levels was seen in both pinealectomized and sham-operated birds shortly after the operations.
  • (7) The amounts of erythropoietin produced in animals subjected to hepatectomy are significantly higher than those observed in sham-operated animals.
  • (8) However, stimulation of the release of NTLI by intraduodenal administration of oleic acid (0.2 ml) resulted in significantly higher p-NTLI levels in the nephrectomized rats than in the sham operated rats.
  • (9) Three groups of male rats received lesions of AP and another 3 groups received sham lesion.
  • (10) Pretreatment with CV6209 had no significant influence on these parameters in sham-operated animals.
  • (11) We found that kidney extracts from 6 h and 24 h uninephrectomized rats increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into tubular cell DNA, dose-dependently, compared to those from sham-operated rats.
  • (12) The sizes of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (N) cells in the adrenal medulla of nonoperated (NO), sham-operated (SPX), and pinealectomized (PX) male rats (n = 126) were investigated by quantitative light microscopy.
  • (13) The concentrations and total content of the nicotinamide nucleotides were measured in the livers of rats at various times after partial hepatectomy and laparotomy (sham hepatectomy) and correlated with other events in the regeneration process.
  • (14) The volume densities of the differing strial components from steroid-administered animals were determined to approximate those of sham-adrenalectomized animals in general.
  • (15) With five daily 1-hr occlusions of the hepatic artery, rats benefited from significantly reduced tumor growth rates compared with controls that underwent sham operation (P less than 0.05).
  • (16) In the dynamic phase the weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly increased in the VMH-lesioned rats, but the specific GDP binding was depressed both in the morning and afternoon when compared with either the sham-operated or PVN-lesioned groups.
  • (17) There were no changes in the joints which had sham operations.
  • (18) In contrast, in Px-SUC both masses were comparable to the sham groups.
  • (19) Only at 3 days did total plasma volume of SAD rats show a modest reduction of about 16% (P less than 0.05 vs. sham-operated plus unoperated controls).
  • (20) The binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) was compared in acini isolated from the regenerating remnant following 90% partial pancreatectomy (ppx) and from the pancreas of sham-pancreatectomized (sham-ppx) rats.

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