(a.) Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical combinations.
(n.) A substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.
Example Sentences:
(1) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(2) Stimulation of human leukocytes with various chemical mediators such as TPA, f-Met-Leu-Phe, LTB4, etc.
(3) This suggested that the chemical effects produced by shock waves were either absent or attenuated in the cells, or were inherently less toxic than those of ionizing irradiation.
(4) At 36 h postsurgery, RBCs were examined by 23Na-NMR by using dysprosium tripolyphosphate as a chemical shift reagent.
(5) The absorption of ingested Pb is modified by its chemical and physical form, by interaction with dietary minerals and lipids and by the nutritional status of the individual.
(6) Changes in cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were followed and intracellular pH (pHi) was estimated from the chemical shift of Pi.
(7) Maximal aberration yields were observed for 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene and cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside from 17 to 21 h, eugenol from 15 to 21 h, cadmium sulfate from 15 to 24 h and 2-aminobiphenyl, from 17 to 24 h. For adriamycin at 1 microM, the % aberrant cells remained elevated throughout the period from 9 to 29 h, while small increases at 0.1 microM ADR were found only at 13 and at 25 h. For most chemicals the maximal aberration yield occurred at a different time for each concentration tested.
(8) 2.39pm BST The European Union called for a "thorough and immediate" investigation of the alleged chemical attack.
(9) "With hyperspectral imaging, you can tell the chemical content of a cake just by taking a photo of it.
(10) The deactivated columns had the residual silanols on the silica gel chemically inactivated to reduce the interaction with basic groups or analytes.
(11) A sperm whale myoglobin gene containing multiple unique restriction sites has been constructed in pUC 18 by sequential assembly of chemically synthesized oligonucleotide fragments.
(12) On the basis of obtained data on the uniformity of chemical compounds of the secretion of glands belonging to different groups their common origin has been suggested.
(13) In spite of important differences in size, chemical composition, polymer density, and configuration, biological macromolecules indeed manifest some of the essential physical-chemical properties of gels.
(14) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(15) We investigated this suppression quantitatively, using a chemical assay for cell-bound and dissolved capsular polysaccharide.
(16) We previously established that the binding constant (Ka) of this receptor site for the chemically synthesized model AGE, 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H- imidazole-butyric acid (FFI-BA), on cells of the mouse macrophagelike cell line RAW 264.7 is identical to that for AGE proteins.
(17) They included lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and a chemical cross-linker, glutaraldehyde, in addition to anti-IL-2R monoclonal antibodies, HIEI and H-47.
(18) The reduction of such potentials can be explained in terms of collision between the antidromic volleys and those elicited orthodromically by chemical and thermic stimulation.
(19) In certain cases, the effects of these substances are enhanced, in others, they are inhibited by compounds that were isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical synthesis.
(20) The use of gaseous insecticides in the chemical control of T. infestans is discussed.
Esca
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) The surface of dental alloys, on which such a composite plating was made, was analyzed by ESCA.
(2) Polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride surfaces were grafted with crotonic acid and characterized with ESCA.
(3) The ESCA technique provides a useful approach to identifying probable sites of fracture initiation in ceramic-fused-to-metal systems in which the analyzed fracture area is 1 mm2 or larger.
(4) ESCA analysis of the uppermost 5-nm point layer revealed the presence of N on silver points removed from failed treatments.
(5) After a few minutes of etching, ESCA spectra were observed.
(6) The ESCA data indicate enrichment of soft segment in the surface.
(7) Since ESCA only analyzes the first 40-50 Angstroms of a surface, we believe that a "protective coating" composed of soft segments has formed.
(8) Surface analysis by XPS (X-ray photoelection spectroscopy), also called ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis), indicates that only certain cations are appreciably sorbed by enamel from an acid etching solution containing phosphoric acid and equimolar concentrations of candidate mordant salts.
(9) Both ESCA data and protein loadings are in excellent agreement.
(10) Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) was explored as a means of studying the oxidation state of chromium in SMAC (coated electrode) stainless steel welding fume collected on Nucleopore filters in the laboratory.
(11) The apices of silver points removed from teeth with successful or failed endodontic treatments were subjected to complete surface characterization by small-area ESCA, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalyzer.
(12) The resulting surfaces exhibited a wide range of surface oxygen concentrations, as measured by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA).
(13) The pattern of selective release of chromium, iron and molybdenum from a non-prepassivated ferritic stainless steel, with the designation SS 2326 and a nickel content of 0.3%, has been measured in artificial saliva under static conditions using nuclear tracer and ESCA techniques.
(14) Using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) technique these oxide layers on Vitallium specimens were investigated regarding thickness, elemental composition, and valence state of the elements.
(15) Analysis of these surfaces by measurement of contact angles and ESCA verified the presence of the grafted PEO.
(16) The principals of the ESCA technique are described in details.
(17) The ESCA depth profiling experiments involved several elemental analyses (Na, Ba, O, B, Si, Al, and C) for both the product-contact surface and various depths (0.01-0.30 micron) beneath the surface.
(18) The addition of the silicone-containing polyol did not significantly lower the surface wettability, although ESCA-measured silicon content increased and physical properties were unfavourably affected by the incorporation of this co-soft segment.
(19) Future research in this area will include the use of surface analytical techniques such as Auger electron spectroscopy and ESCA.
(20) Ultraviolet irradiation with the use of a photomask placed on a substrate hydrophilically modified the irradiated regions, which was evident in ESCA and contact angle measurements.