(a.) Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical combinations.
(n.) A substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.
Example Sentences:
(1) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(2) Stimulation of human leukocytes with various chemical mediators such as TPA, f-Met-Leu-Phe, LTB4, etc.
(3) This suggested that the chemical effects produced by shock waves were either absent or attenuated in the cells, or were inherently less toxic than those of ionizing irradiation.
(4) At 36 h postsurgery, RBCs were examined by 23Na-NMR by using dysprosium tripolyphosphate as a chemical shift reagent.
(5) The absorption of ingested Pb is modified by its chemical and physical form, by interaction with dietary minerals and lipids and by the nutritional status of the individual.
(6) Changes in cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were followed and intracellular pH (pHi) was estimated from the chemical shift of Pi.
(7) Maximal aberration yields were observed for 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene and cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside from 17 to 21 h, eugenol from 15 to 21 h, cadmium sulfate from 15 to 24 h and 2-aminobiphenyl, from 17 to 24 h. For adriamycin at 1 microM, the % aberrant cells remained elevated throughout the period from 9 to 29 h, while small increases at 0.1 microM ADR were found only at 13 and at 25 h. For most chemicals the maximal aberration yield occurred at a different time for each concentration tested.
(8) 2.39pm BST The European Union called for a "thorough and immediate" investigation of the alleged chemical attack.
(9) "With hyperspectral imaging, you can tell the chemical content of a cake just by taking a photo of it.
(10) The deactivated columns had the residual silanols on the silica gel chemically inactivated to reduce the interaction with basic groups or analytes.
(11) A sperm whale myoglobin gene containing multiple unique restriction sites has been constructed in pUC 18 by sequential assembly of chemically synthesized oligonucleotide fragments.
(12) On the basis of obtained data on the uniformity of chemical compounds of the secretion of glands belonging to different groups their common origin has been suggested.
(13) In spite of important differences in size, chemical composition, polymer density, and configuration, biological macromolecules indeed manifest some of the essential physical-chemical properties of gels.
(14) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(15) We investigated this suppression quantitatively, using a chemical assay for cell-bound and dissolved capsular polysaccharide.
(16) We previously established that the binding constant (Ka) of this receptor site for the chemically synthesized model AGE, 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H- imidazole-butyric acid (FFI-BA), on cells of the mouse macrophagelike cell line RAW 264.7 is identical to that for AGE proteins.
(17) They included lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and a chemical cross-linker, glutaraldehyde, in addition to anti-IL-2R monoclonal antibodies, HIEI and H-47.
(18) The reduction of such potentials can be explained in terms of collision between the antidromic volleys and those elicited orthodromically by chemical and thermic stimulation.
(19) In certain cases, the effects of these substances are enhanced, in others, they are inhibited by compounds that were isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical synthesis.
(20) The use of gaseous insecticides in the chemical control of T. infestans is discussed.
Logarithm
Definition:
(n.) One of a class of auxiliary numbers, devised by John Napier, of Merchiston, Scotland (1550-1617), to abridge arithmetical calculations, by the use of addition and subtraction in place of multiplication and division.
Example Sentences:
(1) The pattern of day to day variability in egg counts from individuals can be characterized by the linear relationship between the logarithms of the variances and means.
(2) A logarithmic relationship between closing tension and tensile strength was demonstrated using linear regression analysis with t = 6.18, p less than .0001, and R2 = .44.
(3) For the liver enzyme, the logarithm of the inhibition constant was linearly related to the number of carbon atoms in the saturated fatty acids whereas the muscle enzyme, which was generally more strongly inhibited, showed a nonlinear dependence.
(4) The results indicate that in confluent cultures, cells with high GGT activities have significantly higher cellular GSH content, and a linear correlation exists between the glutathione content and the logarithm of the GGT activity.
(5) The mean duration of the homosynaptic depression in healthy persons was 5200 ms. After the initial relative facilitation the time course of the homosynaptic depression corresponded to a logarithmic function of the interval between the conditioning and testing stimuli.
(6) This 20-h period was immediately followed by a 4-day logarithmic phase of virus production.
(7) The percentage inhibition of ATCase responds in a linear way to the logarithm of the concentration of PALA between 0.10 and 1.00 micrometer.
(8) There was a negative correlation (r = -0.59) between the logarithm of the spontaneous discharge rate and relative threshold at CF with the lowest spontaneous rate fibres having the highest thresholds and vice-versa.
(9) Mitochondrial membrane potential was not significantly affected by the cell culture density, as long as the cells were in the logarithmic phase of growth.
(10) The physiological effects of metronidazole on the growth, viability, fermentation end-product production and cellular morphology of Clostridium pasteurianum cells growing logarithmically were studied.
(11) The logarithm of the odds ratio between GTHR and c-erbA beta was 3.67, and therefore GTHR mapped to the c-erbA beta locus in this kindred.
(12) Logarithms of the rate of Ca2+ influx were plotted against values of delta psi.
(13) For B. subtilis, the logarithm of the inhibitory potency of most compounds increases linearly with the logarithm of the partition coefficient.
(14) By plotting logarithms of normalized radioactivities against PCR amplification cycles, straight lines were obtained with different slopes.
(15) The negative logarithm of the concentration displacing 50% of the tracer (pIC50), or producing 50% of the maximal contractile response (pEC50), was determined.
(16) When Monte Carlo simulations of clonal growth resulted in clones with large populations (> 50 cells), the population as a whole behaved in a deterministic fashion (logarithmic growth) similar to those observed in clinically observed neoplasms and consistent with other published models of tumour growth.
(17) The toxic effects of BaP to logarithmically growing NMuLi were inhibited 40% by 7,8 benzoflavone, and the inhibition was concentration dependent.
(18) Logarithmic conversion of the total spore count showed significant reduction in all indoor locations of air-conditioned homes.
(19) There was a close linear relationship (r = 0.903) between the optical density of the bioluminescent images and the logarithmic values of the tissue calcium ion concentration.
(20) Milk production per unit mammary wet weight, dry fat-free tissue, deoxyribonucleic acid, and ribonucleic acid were related to day of lactation by an equation of the form Y = aXbecX, where Y was milk production per unit mammary gland growth, X was day of lactation, e was the base of natural logarithms, and a, b, and c were constants.