(a.) Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical combinations.
(n.) A substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.
Example Sentences:
(1) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(2) Stimulation of human leukocytes with various chemical mediators such as TPA, f-Met-Leu-Phe, LTB4, etc.
(3) This suggested that the chemical effects produced by shock waves were either absent or attenuated in the cells, or were inherently less toxic than those of ionizing irradiation.
(4) At 36 h postsurgery, RBCs were examined by 23Na-NMR by using dysprosium tripolyphosphate as a chemical shift reagent.
(5) The absorption of ingested Pb is modified by its chemical and physical form, by interaction with dietary minerals and lipids and by the nutritional status of the individual.
(6) Changes in cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were followed and intracellular pH (pHi) was estimated from the chemical shift of Pi.
(7) Maximal aberration yields were observed for 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene and cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside from 17 to 21 h, eugenol from 15 to 21 h, cadmium sulfate from 15 to 24 h and 2-aminobiphenyl, from 17 to 24 h. For adriamycin at 1 microM, the % aberrant cells remained elevated throughout the period from 9 to 29 h, while small increases at 0.1 microM ADR were found only at 13 and at 25 h. For most chemicals the maximal aberration yield occurred at a different time for each concentration tested.
(8) 2.39pm BST The European Union called for a "thorough and immediate" investigation of the alleged chemical attack.
(9) "With hyperspectral imaging, you can tell the chemical content of a cake just by taking a photo of it.
(10) The deactivated columns had the residual silanols on the silica gel chemically inactivated to reduce the interaction with basic groups or analytes.
(11) A sperm whale myoglobin gene containing multiple unique restriction sites has been constructed in pUC 18 by sequential assembly of chemically synthesized oligonucleotide fragments.
(12) On the basis of obtained data on the uniformity of chemical compounds of the secretion of glands belonging to different groups their common origin has been suggested.
(13) In spite of important differences in size, chemical composition, polymer density, and configuration, biological macromolecules indeed manifest some of the essential physical-chemical properties of gels.
(14) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(15) We investigated this suppression quantitatively, using a chemical assay for cell-bound and dissolved capsular polysaccharide.
(16) We previously established that the binding constant (Ka) of this receptor site for the chemically synthesized model AGE, 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H- imidazole-butyric acid (FFI-BA), on cells of the mouse macrophagelike cell line RAW 264.7 is identical to that for AGE proteins.
(17) They included lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and a chemical cross-linker, glutaraldehyde, in addition to anti-IL-2R monoclonal antibodies, HIEI and H-47.
(18) The reduction of such potentials can be explained in terms of collision between the antidromic volleys and those elicited orthodromically by chemical and thermic stimulation.
(19) In certain cases, the effects of these substances are enhanced, in others, they are inhibited by compounds that were isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical synthesis.
(20) The use of gaseous insecticides in the chemical control of T. infestans is discussed.
Phytochemical
Definition:
(a.) Relating to phytochemistry.
Example Sentences:
(1) A phytochemical investigation of an ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Echites hirsuta (Apocynaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of the flavonoids naringenin, aromadendrin (dihydrokaempferol), and kaempferol; the coumarin fraxetin; the triterpene ursolic acid; and the sterol glycoside sitosteryl glucoside.
(2) The use of a small precolumn instead of an injection loop for the determination of a new phytochemical drug, fellavine, and its metabolites is described.
(3) A phytochemical investigation of the roots of Tiliacora funifera (Menispermaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of funiferine N-oxide, a new bis(benzylisoquinoline) alkaloid.
(4) The scientific community has begun to appreciate the potential importance of nonnutritive dietary compounds (phytochemicals) in foods such as soybeans.
(5) Preliminary phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Synclisia scabrida indicated the presence of two alkaloids in the water extracts and five alkaloids in the ethanol extracts.
(6) These extracts contained triterpenic saponins, tannins, and flavonoids as estimated through phytochemical screening.
(7) A large phytochemical survey of the flora of the Malaysian Peninsula and Sabah is described, covering the systematic search for alkaloids, and partly, for saponins and flavonoids.
(8) Hydroalcoholic extracts of the tuber were fractionated by precipitation or solvent partition and the various extracts or fractions subjected to phytochemical and pharmacological tests.
(9) A search in ancient Chinese medicinal literature and modern phytochemical references indicates that the therapeutic value of Leonurus artemisia (I-mu ts'ao, the Chinese motherwort) might reside in a uterotonic principle present in leaves.
(10) The success of such a defense depends upon phytochemical mimicry of vertebrate reproductive hormones.
(11) The phytochemical was mutagenic in tester strains TA98 and TA100 and required activation by the hepatic S-9 microsomal enzyme preparation.
(12) A versatile poly-functional pilot plant has been developed to enable the production of herbal preparations as well as extracts and phytochemicals.
(13) Ten plant species, specifically employed by the Indians against these disorders, were subjected to phytochemical screening.
(14) Vegetables and fruits containing other phytochemicals suspected to be cancer inhibitors were also examined.
(15) Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Taxus sp extracts have resulted in the isolation and the identification of several diterpenoids, and the discovery of the potent antitumor activity of taxol.
(16) Cardenolides were detected in WP by phytochemical screening.
(17) Literature on the phytochemical study of plant estrogens is reviewed.
(18) The preliminary phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of flavonoids, iridoids, phenolic acids, saponins, amino acids, free sugars, and mucilages in the lyophilized infusion obtained from flowers of Verbascum thapsiforme Schrad.
(19) A phytochemical investigation of the acidic fraction from an ethanolic extract of the roots of Ruscus aculeatus L. (Liliaceae) has resulted in the isolation and identification of a sterol mixture, a fatty acid mixture, chrysophanic acid, a new compound named euparone and an incompletely characterized phenolic substance.
(20) Many bioactive phytochemicals have been shown in recent years to be photosensitizers, i.e.