(a.) Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical combinations.
(n.) A substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.
Example Sentences:
(1) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(2) Stimulation of human leukocytes with various chemical mediators such as TPA, f-Met-Leu-Phe, LTB4, etc.
(3) This suggested that the chemical effects produced by shock waves were either absent or attenuated in the cells, or were inherently less toxic than those of ionizing irradiation.
(4) At 36 h postsurgery, RBCs were examined by 23Na-NMR by using dysprosium tripolyphosphate as a chemical shift reagent.
(5) The absorption of ingested Pb is modified by its chemical and physical form, by interaction with dietary minerals and lipids and by the nutritional status of the individual.
(6) Changes in cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were followed and intracellular pH (pHi) was estimated from the chemical shift of Pi.
(7) Maximal aberration yields were observed for 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene and cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside from 17 to 21 h, eugenol from 15 to 21 h, cadmium sulfate from 15 to 24 h and 2-aminobiphenyl, from 17 to 24 h. For adriamycin at 1 microM, the % aberrant cells remained elevated throughout the period from 9 to 29 h, while small increases at 0.1 microM ADR were found only at 13 and at 25 h. For most chemicals the maximal aberration yield occurred at a different time for each concentration tested.
(8) 2.39pm BST The European Union called for a "thorough and immediate" investigation of the alleged chemical attack.
(9) "With hyperspectral imaging, you can tell the chemical content of a cake just by taking a photo of it.
(10) The deactivated columns had the residual silanols on the silica gel chemically inactivated to reduce the interaction with basic groups or analytes.
(11) A sperm whale myoglobin gene containing multiple unique restriction sites has been constructed in pUC 18 by sequential assembly of chemically synthesized oligonucleotide fragments.
(12) On the basis of obtained data on the uniformity of chemical compounds of the secretion of glands belonging to different groups their common origin has been suggested.
(13) In spite of important differences in size, chemical composition, polymer density, and configuration, biological macromolecules indeed manifest some of the essential physical-chemical properties of gels.
(14) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(15) We investigated this suppression quantitatively, using a chemical assay for cell-bound and dissolved capsular polysaccharide.
(16) We previously established that the binding constant (Ka) of this receptor site for the chemically synthesized model AGE, 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H- imidazole-butyric acid (FFI-BA), on cells of the mouse macrophagelike cell line RAW 264.7 is identical to that for AGE proteins.
(17) They included lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and a chemical cross-linker, glutaraldehyde, in addition to anti-IL-2R monoclonal antibodies, HIEI and H-47.
(18) The reduction of such potentials can be explained in terms of collision between the antidromic volleys and those elicited orthodromically by chemical and thermic stimulation.
(19) In certain cases, the effects of these substances are enhanced, in others, they are inhibited by compounds that were isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical synthesis.
(20) The use of gaseous insecticides in the chemical control of T. infestans is discussed.
Propylene
Definition:
(n.) A colorless gaseous hydrocarbon (C3H6) of the ethylene series, having a garlic odor. It occurs in coal gas, and is produced artificially in various ways. Called also propene.
Example Sentences:
(1) CZP reduced the incidence of convulsions only after the larger dose, but plain solvent (propylene glycol, ethanol, water) was equally effective.
(2) A hemolytic reaction, probably due to the propylene glycol in the solution, was seen in one case.
(3) At initial concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 M, glycerin and propylene glycol increase significantly the intestinal absorption rate of theophylline from the small intestine of anesthetized rats.
(4) Therapeutic application of drugs containing propylene glycol 1.2 as a solvent may distort the results of forensic chemical detection of ethylene glycol from its oxidation products.
(5) Practical examples illustrate the possibility of ethylene glycol determination by gas chromatography in the presence of propylene glycol.
(6) Experimental data are presented for: (a) the flux of diflorasone diacetate through hairless mouse skin, (b) the percutaneous penetration profile of propylene glycol, (c) the effects of vehicle concentrations of polyoxypropylene 15 stearyl ether and propylene glycol on the percutaneous flux of diflorasone diacetate, (d) skin--vehicle partition coefficients of diflorasone diacetate, (e) the solubility profile of diflorasone diacetate as a function of solvent concentration, and (f) the alteration of the skin's resistance to the penetration of diflorasone diacetate due to propylene glycol.
(7) Dehydration in ethanol and propylene oxide produces a further 10% shrinkage in volume.
(8) Propylene glycol (PG) is widely used as a drug solvent in the pharmaceutical industry.
(9) Propylene glycol was less effective than polyethylene glycol 400.
(10) On the other hand, propylene glycol, an alcohol sulfotransferase inhibitor, had a profound inhibitory effect on DNA methylation induced by NMHEA, very little effect on the formation of N7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine, but a very strong effect on the O6-hydroxyethylguanine lesions.
(11) The SCE frequency was more than doubled in the cultures treated with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; methyl bromide also induced SCEs.
(12) However, propylene glycol was found to depress all the levels of alkylation in the brachymorphic mice, except for N7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine, as was observed in rats.
(13) Of these, 11 were positive to propantheline bromide, 3 to trichlorocarbanilide and one to propylene glycol.
(14) A method for monitoring exposure to ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) and their corresponding alkenes through the analysis of adducts to N-terminal valine in hemoglobin (Hb) using gas chromatography (GC) and electron-capture detection has been developed.
(15) The CK activity was measured in muscle tissue taken from the injected area (dorsal longissimus muscle) and the contralateral side of the injection site 72 hours after intramuscular injection into rabbits of 1 ml of different dilutions of propylene glycol or glycerol formal in distilled water or 0.9% saline.
(16) We found the application of propylene glycol alone to produce no epidermal changes.
(17) After inhalation exposure, 1,2-epoxybutane was carcinogenic in rodents as were other epoxides or related compounds including propylene oxide, 1,3-butadiene, and ethylene oxide.
(18) The rats received propylene glycol alone (control) or with Actinomycin-D (Act-D) at 08.00 h, followed by EB at 12.00 h on day 3.
(19) Israeli Friesian cows in the third or later lactation, were injected intramuscularly with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in propylene glycol.
(20) Addition of protease inhibitors, phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), to subzero (-10 degrees C) fixation with propylene glycol and formaldehyde provides reproducible preservation of immunoreactive AII.