(a.) Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical combinations.
(n.) A substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.
Example Sentences:
(1) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(2) Stimulation of human leukocytes with various chemical mediators such as TPA, f-Met-Leu-Phe, LTB4, etc.
(3) This suggested that the chemical effects produced by shock waves were either absent or attenuated in the cells, or were inherently less toxic than those of ionizing irradiation.
(4) At 36 h postsurgery, RBCs were examined by 23Na-NMR by using dysprosium tripolyphosphate as a chemical shift reagent.
(5) The absorption of ingested Pb is modified by its chemical and physical form, by interaction with dietary minerals and lipids and by the nutritional status of the individual.
(6) Changes in cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were followed and intracellular pH (pHi) was estimated from the chemical shift of Pi.
(7) Maximal aberration yields were observed for 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene and cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside from 17 to 21 h, eugenol from 15 to 21 h, cadmium sulfate from 15 to 24 h and 2-aminobiphenyl, from 17 to 24 h. For adriamycin at 1 microM, the % aberrant cells remained elevated throughout the period from 9 to 29 h, while small increases at 0.1 microM ADR were found only at 13 and at 25 h. For most chemicals the maximal aberration yield occurred at a different time for each concentration tested.
(8) 2.39pm BST The European Union called for a "thorough and immediate" investigation of the alleged chemical attack.
(9) "With hyperspectral imaging, you can tell the chemical content of a cake just by taking a photo of it.
(10) The deactivated columns had the residual silanols on the silica gel chemically inactivated to reduce the interaction with basic groups or analytes.
(11) A sperm whale myoglobin gene containing multiple unique restriction sites has been constructed in pUC 18 by sequential assembly of chemically synthesized oligonucleotide fragments.
(12) On the basis of obtained data on the uniformity of chemical compounds of the secretion of glands belonging to different groups their common origin has been suggested.
(13) In spite of important differences in size, chemical composition, polymer density, and configuration, biological macromolecules indeed manifest some of the essential physical-chemical properties of gels.
(14) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(15) We investigated this suppression quantitatively, using a chemical assay for cell-bound and dissolved capsular polysaccharide.
(16) We previously established that the binding constant (Ka) of this receptor site for the chemically synthesized model AGE, 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H- imidazole-butyric acid (FFI-BA), on cells of the mouse macrophagelike cell line RAW 264.7 is identical to that for AGE proteins.
(17) They included lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and a chemical cross-linker, glutaraldehyde, in addition to anti-IL-2R monoclonal antibodies, HIEI and H-47.
(18) The reduction of such potentials can be explained in terms of collision between the antidromic volleys and those elicited orthodromically by chemical and thermic stimulation.
(19) In certain cases, the effects of these substances are enhanced, in others, they are inhibited by compounds that were isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical synthesis.
(20) The use of gaseous insecticides in the chemical control of T. infestans is discussed.
Spatula
Definition:
(n.) An implement shaped like a knife, flat, thin, and somewhat flexible, used for spreading paints, fine plasters, drugs in compounding prescriptions, etc. Cf. Palette knife, under Palette.
Example Sentences:
(1) The relationship between technique of obtaining Papanicolaou smears, presence of endocervical cells, and rate of cervical neoplasia was studied by comparing an endocervical and ectocervical nylon brush (Bayne brush), Ayre spatula plus endocervical brush, and spatula plus cotton-tipped swab in a randomized, prospective trial involving 11,061 patients.
(2) A model system of exfoliated normal human cervicovaginal squamous cells, exfoliated rodent tumor cells, and acellular, viscous, mucuslike material was used to investigate cell deposition on smear preparations made with three different instruments: plastic spatulas, wooden spatulas, and brush-tipped collectors.
(3) Both the modified Ayre spatula and the cytobrush were found to be inadequate in a significant number of patients with known cytological atypia.
(4) Since the collected epithelium cells adhere to the pipettes, these cells were transferred onto a polycarbonate filter by using a micro spatula.
(5) The performance of a new ectocervical brush sampler--the Cervex--was compared with the Ayre spatula in 280 paired cervical smears.
(6) With this approach, retraction of the orbital contents decreases the amount of retraction of the brain to such an extent that a brain spatula is not necessary for access to the anterior communicating artery complex.
(7) The incidence of smears with endocervical cells, however, was significantly greater using the Aylesbury (33.4%) than the Ayre (20.4%) spatulas, despite there being no difference in the incidence of smears with epithelial abnormalities.
(8) The inefficiency of the Ayres Spatula in detecting abnormality in cervical cytology has been demonstrated recently in a number of trials.
(9) 5 Flip with a spatula and cook the other side for a few minutes until golden.
(10) After closing the scleral flap with eight interrupted sutures and the conjunctival flap with a running suture, a 1-mm spatula was inserted beneath the scleral flap, and the trabeculum was punctured.
(11) The efficacy of a new sampling technique performed for early detection of cervical carcinoma is compared with Pap smears with the swab-and-wooden spatula technique in 312 women.
(12) The nationwide screening program for cervical carcinoma in The Netherlands was unique in that all women between the age of 35 and 55 years were individually invited to undergo a cervical spatula smear.
(13) Fifty-nine patients had a cervical scrape with a wood spatula first and a plastic spatula second: 60 were scraped in the inverse order.
(14) The cytologically positive cases found in 25,300 cervical smears of spatula samples and 6,168 smears prepared by combined spatula-Cytobrush sampling were analyzed.
(15) In 130 high-risk patients for cervical pathology paired smears were obtained with a wooden spatula and a Cytobrush.
(16) The Multispatula, which is adjustable to the specific shape of each individual cervix, was compared with the Ayre spatula in 236 patients.
(17) A cyclodialysis spatula specifically designed for glaucoma surgery is presented which facilitates the performance of the cyclodialysis procedure alone or in combination with cataract extraction and decreases the chance of inadvertent damage to the eye.
(18) The single case of filamentous bacteria suggests that a spatula may yield better organism retrieval from ulcers caused by filamentous organisms.
(19) They are also known for space-saving devices such as utensils which pack neatly on top of each other in a stand, spatulas, palette knifes and ladles that use a weighted handle to avoid being placed on the countertop, thus saving cleaning.
(20) There are three typical types of manicure: the regular polish; the gel or acrylic spatula-shaped talons beloved of the tabloid Wag; and the super-cool, bejewelled nail art more commonly seen in either east London or Japan.