(a.) Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical combinations.
(n.) A substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.
Example Sentences:
(1) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(2) Stimulation of human leukocytes with various chemical mediators such as TPA, f-Met-Leu-Phe, LTB4, etc.
(3) This suggested that the chemical effects produced by shock waves were either absent or attenuated in the cells, or were inherently less toxic than those of ionizing irradiation.
(4) At 36 h postsurgery, RBCs were examined by 23Na-NMR by using dysprosium tripolyphosphate as a chemical shift reagent.
(5) The absorption of ingested Pb is modified by its chemical and physical form, by interaction with dietary minerals and lipids and by the nutritional status of the individual.
(6) Changes in cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were followed and intracellular pH (pHi) was estimated from the chemical shift of Pi.
(7) Maximal aberration yields were observed for 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene and cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside from 17 to 21 h, eugenol from 15 to 21 h, cadmium sulfate from 15 to 24 h and 2-aminobiphenyl, from 17 to 24 h. For adriamycin at 1 microM, the % aberrant cells remained elevated throughout the period from 9 to 29 h, while small increases at 0.1 microM ADR were found only at 13 and at 25 h. For most chemicals the maximal aberration yield occurred at a different time for each concentration tested.
(8) 2.39pm BST The European Union called for a "thorough and immediate" investigation of the alleged chemical attack.
(9) "With hyperspectral imaging, you can tell the chemical content of a cake just by taking a photo of it.
(10) The deactivated columns had the residual silanols on the silica gel chemically inactivated to reduce the interaction with basic groups or analytes.
(11) A sperm whale myoglobin gene containing multiple unique restriction sites has been constructed in pUC 18 by sequential assembly of chemically synthesized oligonucleotide fragments.
(12) On the basis of obtained data on the uniformity of chemical compounds of the secretion of glands belonging to different groups their common origin has been suggested.
(13) In spite of important differences in size, chemical composition, polymer density, and configuration, biological macromolecules indeed manifest some of the essential physical-chemical properties of gels.
(14) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(15) We investigated this suppression quantitatively, using a chemical assay for cell-bound and dissolved capsular polysaccharide.
(16) We previously established that the binding constant (Ka) of this receptor site for the chemically synthesized model AGE, 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H- imidazole-butyric acid (FFI-BA), on cells of the mouse macrophagelike cell line RAW 264.7 is identical to that for AGE proteins.
(17) They included lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and a chemical cross-linker, glutaraldehyde, in addition to anti-IL-2R monoclonal antibodies, HIEI and H-47.
(18) The reduction of such potentials can be explained in terms of collision between the antidromic volleys and those elicited orthodromically by chemical and thermic stimulation.
(19) In certain cases, the effects of these substances are enhanced, in others, they are inhibited by compounds that were isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical synthesis.
(20) The use of gaseous insecticides in the chemical control of T. infestans is discussed.
Spectroscopy
Definition:
(n.) The use of the spectroscope; investigations made with the spectroscope.
Example Sentences:
(1) Blood samples were analysed by mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography.
(2) The acetonitrile extract is concentrated and analyzed by HPLC, using a new polymer-based column, and detected by UV spectroscopy at 270 nm.
(3) 1H NMR spectroscopy has been used to characterize these proteins and to compare them to one another and to native antithrombin III.
(4) This result was confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy, which indicated a stoicheiometry for copper and manganese of approx.
(5) Therefore, 31P MR spectroscopy may be unable to quantify the cell fraction of a tumor that has radiobiologic hypoxia.
(6) The conformations of each peptide in various solvents were determined by CD and ir spectroscopy in order to relate immunological to structural properties.
(7) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to examine the effect of oxysterol insertion into normal and sickle RBC membranes and the total lipid extracts of the membranes.
(8) 500-MHz H-NMR spectroscopy of the oligosaccharides derived from gamma-seminoprotein, a human seminal plasma glycoprotein, revealed considerable microheterogeneity both with respect to the degree of branching and with regard to the peripheral sugars.
(9) The conformations of cysteamine, thiazolidine, and thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid were determined in aqueous solutions using NMR spectroscopy.
(10) As monitored by in vivo near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), no improvement was noted after 50% O2 whereas 50% O2-5% CO2 resulted in increased perfusion, an oxidation of cytochrome a,a3, an increase in oxyhemoglobin, and reduced quantities of de-oxyhemoglobin (p less than 0.01) despite a further increase in intracranial pressure.
(11) Secondary structural features of bovine amelogenin, a hydrophobic protein of developing enamel implicated in ename mineralization, are derived using 2D NMR spectroscopy in solution and molecular mechanics-dynamics studies.
(12) In this critical review of human in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the questions of which chemical species can be detected and with what sensitivity, their biochemical significance, and their potential clinical value are addressed.
(13) The Helical structures of d(C-G-C-A-m5C-G-T-G-m5C-G), d(m5C-G-C-A-m5C-G-T-G-C-G) and d(C-2aminoA-C-G-T-G) were studied in aqueous solution at various salt concentrations and temperatures by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
(14) spectroscopy for the collection of conformational constraints, calculation of the protein structure from the n.m.r.
(15) A new method for continuous registration of enzymatic hydrolysis of peptides involving 1H-NMR spectroscopy was developed.
(16) 1H-NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the conformation and dynamics of the isolated tailpiece from human serum immunoglobulin M, a 22-residue peptide containing a single asparagine glycosylation site.
(17) Ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy yields information on many aspects of ion-molecule chemistry.
(18) Results obtained from a such study are here compared with levels obtained from a comparative determination of the metals in the mosses by three other techniques: Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), Direct current plasma (atomic emission) spectroscopy (DCPS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy.
(19) Reports in the past two years have appeared evaluating the clinical use of phosphorus spectroscopy to detect ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac transplant rejection.
(20) The three-dimensional solution structure of a zinc finger nucleic acid binding motif has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.